蒙皮反射的背景辐射对亚声速飞机红外特征的影响研究(一):方法

基于CFD计算得到的流场、温度场结果和Modtran计算得到了环境辐射数据,建立了典型背景下的飞行器红外辐射特征计算模型。计算中考虑了波段、季节、发射率和双向反射函数等因素。通过地面试验数据,对计算方法进行了验证,计算值与试验数据吻合较好。该模型为更准确地分析飞行器的红外辐射特征,以及更合理地评价红外抑制措施的抑制效果提供了方法和工具。     

Numerical comparison of sampling strategies for BRDF data manifolds

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is one of the fundamental concepts in such diverse fields as multidimensional reflectometry, computer graphics and computer vision. BRDF manifolds form an infinite-dimensional space, but typically the available measurements are very scarce. Therefore, an efficient learning strategy is crucial when performing the measurements.In this paper, we perform simulation studies within a mathematical framework that allows to establish more efficient BRDF sampling and measurement strategies in the sense of statistical design of experiments and generalized proactive learning. Our simulation studies suggest that the default BRDF measurement strategy is suboptimal for a wide class of loss functions.     

非朗伯面目标对复杂背景红外辐射的散射特性

研究了非朗伯面目标对复杂背景(太阳和海天背景)红外辐射的散射特性.基于双向反射分布函数(BRDF),通过坐标变换、对面元求和以及对波长积分等操作导出了非朗伯面目标散射亮度的空间分布式.利用海天背景的光谱亮度和太阳光谱照度(由大气传输软件Modtran计算),以及目标表面的光谱BRDF,以圆柱体为例,分别对3～5 μm和...     

卫星太阳能电池板光散射特性的实验测试

探讨一种用双向反射分布函数测定仪测量目标表面光散射的方法,运用该测量系统在特定激光波段(0.808μm)下对卫星上太阳能电池板进行了实验测量.根据样片的BRDF实验数据,将遗传模拟退火算法应用于目标表面BRDF统计模型的参数反演中,获取样片的BRDF模型参数.实验数据曲线表明,拟合后的实验数据与参与优化的实验数据吻合的很好,结果说明用这种方法分析目标的散射特性是可行的和有效的.     

利用BRDF实验测量获取目标表面单位面积激光雷达截面

介绍了一种利用双向反射分布函数实验测量获取目标表面单位面积激光雷达截面的方法,运用双向反射分布函数测量系统在特定激光波长下(1.06μm)对导弹蒙皮和坦克前甲板样片进行实验测量,根据样片的BRDF实验数据,将遗传模拟退火算法应用于目标表面BRDF统计模型的参数反演中,获取样片的BRDF模型参数,然后根据目标表面的双向反射分布函数与单位面积激光雷达截面之间的函数关系,进而可以求出样片的单位面积激光雷达截面的函数表达式.实验数据曲线表明,拟合后的实验数据与参与优化的实验数据吻合得比较好,结果说明用这种方法获取目标表面单位面积激光雷达截面是可行的和有效的.     

角度采样间隔对获取草地BRDF特性的影响

在可见光波段上,采取三种角度采样间隔,对草地及类草地的人工目标主平面的BRDF特性进行了野外测量实验.实验结果显示:当太阳天顶角较大时,采用的角度采样间隔可以准确地获取草地类目标主平面的BRDF;而当太阳天顶角较小时,必须在"热点"方向附近减小角度采样间隔.实验结果对多角度遥感中角度采样间隔的选择以及减少野外BRDF测量的工作量具有现实的指导意义.     

钛合金粗糙表面的偏振光及变温BRDF特性

基于红外光谱椭偏仪测得钛合金TC4在298~773 K范围的光学常数,结合Monte Carlo射线跟踪法对钛合金随机粗糙表面的双向反射分布函数(BRDF)进行了研究.分析了不同表面粗糙度、入射光偏振态及温度对钛合金表面BRDF分布的影响.结果表明:偏振光入射下钛合金的BRDF分布随入射角度及表面粗糙度的变化趋势与非偏振光相同;入射平面内粗糙钛合金表面的BRDF随光源偏振态变化与光滑平板具有相同趋势;TE波入射时的BRDF反射峰值大于TM波入射;钛合金粗糙表面的BRDF镜反射峰值随温度升高有下降趋势;在所研究的温度范围内(298~773 K),峰值变化在10.2%以内,温度变化对TM波下钛合金BRDF分布特性的影响大于TE波,且在入射角度增大时影响增大.     

Display reflectance: Basics,measurement, and rating

Abstract— In this paper, methods and instruments for measurement and evaluation of reflection characteristics are reviewed as needed for research and development of electronic displays and for material and surface modeling with ray‐tracing and rendering software packages. Contrast under ambient illumination and recognizability under daylight illumination are prime development targets in the electronic‐display field, while computation and synthesis of realistic scenes and objects are pushing the need for physical data in computer graphics applications. Three categories of instruments are available for detailed reflection analysis. They are based on (1) gonioscopic (mechanical) and conoscopic (optical) directional scanning, (2) imaging approaches, and (3) on arrangements with variable source or receiver aperture. The capabilities, advantages, and limitations of these methods are introduced and discussed in order to facilitate appropriate selection of methods and instruments. For illustration purposes we present typical results obtained from commercial electronic display screens. A basis for continued widespread implementation and standardization of reflection metrology as required for objective rating and comparison of electronic‐display screen performance under ambient illumination is provided.     

Design of a time-efficient video-goniophotometer combining bidirectional functions assessment for transmission and reflection

A detailed knowledge of the light distribution characteristics through advanced window systems is required to improve the visual comfort of the building's occupants while controlling the propagation of daylight in rooms and the solar gains. An innovative bidirectional goniophotometer has recently been set up for this purpose, using digital image capture and the projection of the emerging light on a diffusing screen. It therefore provides a continuous investigation of the bidirectional transmission figures in a time-efficient way. This instrument was converted into a double-purpose device, allowing both transmission and reflection measurements, which induced several strong constraints due to the conflict of incident and emerging light flux in reflection mode: on one hand the incident beam had to be restricted to the sample area only; on the other hand, as the screen obstructed the incoming light flux in some positions, a special opening in the latter was required. The practical answer to these constraints, detailed in this paper, proved to be reliable, appropriate and efficient.     

遗传算法在双向反射分布函数模型参数优化中的应用

对以大理石为代表的材料进行了双向反射分布函数测量实验，得出了样品的半球反射率，并研究了其随入射、反射天顶角等参数变化的规律。采用遗传算法建立了金刚砂和大理石材料的双向反射分布函数的参数模型，对模型进行参数反演时，通过遗传算法进行优化。拟合后的实验数据曲线表明，利用遗传算法得到的结果具有较好的一致性。