镓锗铜萃余液综合利用研究与应用

本文针对镓锗铜综合回收系统产出的萃余液,设计通过中和氧化除杂、锌粉置换除铜镉、有机试剂除钴镍、纯碱法生产碱式碳酸锌、高温煅烧生产活性氧化锌和一步法生产元明粉的生产工艺流程,有效的将镓锗铜萃余液分类分离富集,产出具有价值的富集渣和工业产品,进一步提升综合回收经济效益。     

Towards the Unified Principles for Level 5 Autonomous Vehicles

The rapid advance of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has motivated new perspectives and potential challenges for existing modes of transportation. Currently, driving assistance systems of Level 3 and below have been widely produced, and several applications of Level 4 systems to specific situations have also been gradually developed. By improving the automation level and vehicle intelligence, these systems can be further advanced towards fully autonomous driving. However, general development concepts for Level 5 AVs remain unclear, and the existing methods employed in the development processes of Levels 0–4 have been mainly based on task-driven function development related to specific scenarios. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the problems encountered by high-level AVs. The essential logical and physical mechanisms of vehicles have hindered further progression towards Level 5 systems. By exploring the physical mechanisms behind high-level autonomous driving systems and analyzing the essence of driving, we put forward a coordinated and balanced framework based on the brain–cerebellum–organ concept through reasoning and deduction. Based on a mixed mode relying on the crow inference and parrot imitation approach, we explore the research paradigm of autonomous learning and prior knowledge to realize the characteristics of self-learning, self-adaptation, and self-transcendence for AVs. From a systematic, unified, and balanced point of view and based on least action principles and unified safety field concepts, we aim to provide a novel research concept and develop an effective approach for the research and development of high-level AVs, specifically at Level 5.     

DART-Q-Orbitrap MS法快速检测豆制品中碱性橙Ⅱ和金胺O

采用实时直接分析(direct analysis in real time,DART)离子化技术与四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用技术(Q-Orbitrap MS),建立了快速定性和定量分析方法,检测豆制品中非法添加的碱性橙Ⅱ和金胺O。在正离子模式下,采用Full MS/targetrd-MS2扫描方式,可直接将豆制品置于离子化区域内对两种染料进行快速定性分析。在定量分析中,采用80%乙腈水溶液提取样品,应用Dip-it载样方式,对实验参数进行系统性优化。采用空白基质溶液进行梯度稀释,测得碱性橙Ⅱ和金胺O在基质中的检出限均为0.2mg/L;采用内标法定量,在1～20mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.997 2和0.999 4。该方法快速准确,可为食品中非法添加染料的定性和定量检测提供参考依据。     

A comparative study of Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3, MgO–CaO–Al2O3 and La2O3–Al2O3 for the dry reforming of ethane

CO₂ utilization through the activation of ethane, the second largest component of natural and shale gas, to produce syngas, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This work provides a comparative study of Ni catalysts supported on alumina, alumina modified with CaO and MgO, as well as alumina modified with La₂O₃ for the reaction of dry ethane reforming. The calcined, reduced and spent catalysts were characterized employing XRD, N₂ physisorption, H₂-TPR, CO₂-TPD, TEM, XPS and TPO. The modification of the alumina support with alkaline earth oxides (MgO and CaO) and lanthanide oxides (La₂O₃), as promoters, is found to improve the dispersion of Ni, enhance the catalyst's basicity and metal-support interaction, as well as influence the nature of carbon deposition. The Ni catalyst supported on modified alumina with La₂O₃ exhibits a relatively stable syngas yield during 8 h of operation, while H₂ and CO yields decrease substantially for Ni/Al₂O₃.     

石墨烯/碱式硫酸镁晶须/PVC复合材料的制备及性能表征

以改进的Hummers法制备还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),以RGO和碱式硫酸镁晶须(MHSHw)为填料,采用机械球磨法制备RGO/MHSHw/PVC复合粉料,经平板硫化机热压成型得三相复合板材。考察了RGO和MHSHw对复合材料电阻率、阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:RGO具有很好的片层结构和导电性;当MHSHw添加量为5%,RGO添加量为1%时,RGO/MHSHw/PVC复合板材的表面电阻率为4×106Ω/square,比纯PVC下降8个数量级,达到了商业抗静电效果,拉伸强度达到最大值17.61 MPa,比纯PVC提高了44.04%,复合板材氧指数>33%,具有阻燃性能,得到力学性能优良兼具有抗静电和阻燃性能的复合材料。     

Predicting the tensile creep of concrete

Over a four year period, six phases of testing were performed to observe the influence of age at loading, applied stress level, mix composition and relative humidity on the tensile creep of concrete. From these investigations it was possible to develop a model which allowed the prediction of tensile creep based on a knowledge of the compressive strength of the concrete (determined at the age of loading), the applied stress level and the relative humidity. Subsequently, this model was validated using the results from three independent investigations. Compressive creep as well as tensile creep was also obtained. This allowed a comparison of compressive creep with tensile creep and illustrated that on the basis of equal stresses, tensile creep is on average between 2 and 3 times greater than compressive creep (the maximum ratio is in excess of 8). For this investigation, however, on the basis of stress/strength ratio the difference between tensile and compressive creep is less significant. Considering a simply supported flexural reinforced concrete element, the investigation suggests that it is unwise to consider actual compressive creep equal to actual tensile creep as is often the case in design practice.     

螺杆泵实验装置计算机控制系统

针对泵的总成性能测试实验,自行研制并设计一套螺杆泵实验装置计算机控制系统。该系统采用一台独立的PC计算机并配以PCI7606、PCI7488板卡,温度、压力变送器,LC-A/J罗茨流量计和GDW3001型电参数测量仪来实现系统的信号采集和处理。使用Visual Basic编写软件,设计友好的人机界面,完成信号采集、数据处理、实验结果判定、信息存储和查询,并实现报表和性能曲线的标准输出。结果表明,实验手段先进,操作方便,提高了实验装置的自动化程度。     

大豆基碱性多孔碳材料的制备与性能研究

介绍了一种简单快速,低成本的制备碱性掺氮多孔碳材料的方法。以富含蛋白质的天然大豆为碳源和氮源,经过碳化和水蒸气活化制备出了碱性多孔碳材料。采用N2物理吸附,扫描电镜,Boehm滴定,傅里叶变换红外以及CO2-TPD,元素分析等技术对所得碳材料进行了表征。结果表明,大豆中蛋白质氨基酸的氮元素在制备过程中被原位保留下来,使制得的活性炭表面具有较大量的碱性基团。并且碱性基团的含量随着活化时间的延长逐渐增加。当活化温度为800℃,活化时间为20 min时,所得活性炭的碱性基团含量达到5.496mmol/g。所得碳材料用于低浓度CO2的吸附,研究发现样品BC-sa-800-5对CO2和N2混合气体具有很好的分离效果,分离因子达到8.334。     

VB在建筑物CAD软件开发中的应用

VB是一个深受欢迎的开发工具软件 ,而目前建筑物CAD的应用软件开发又十分重要。本文在利用VB进行建筑物CAD应用软件开发研究的基础上 ,总结了开发过程中的一些成功经验和实用技巧 ,对VB的应用以及建筑物CAD应用软件开发具有实际参考价值