Early CSF Biomarkers and Late Functional Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injury. A Pilot Study

Although, biomarkers are regarded as an important tool for monitoring injury severity and treatment efficacy, and for predicting clinical evolution in many neurological diseases and disorders including spinal cord injury, there is still a lack of reliable biomarkers for the assessment of clinical course and patient outcome. In this study, a biological dataset of 60 cytokines/chemokines, growth factorsm and intracellular and extracellular matrix proteins, analyzed in CSF within 24 h of injury, was used for correlation analysis with the clinical dataset of the same patients. A heat map was generated of positive and negative correlations between biomarkers and clinical rating scale scores at discharge, and between biomarkers and changes in clinical scores during the observation period. Using very stringent statistical criteria, we found 10 molecules which correlated with clinical scores at discharge, and five molecules, which correlated with changes in clinical scores. The proposed methodology may be useful for generating hypotheses regarding “predictive” and “treatment effectiveness” biomarkers, thereby suggesting potential candidates for disease-modifying therapies using a “bed-to-bench” approach.     

测量长期光辐射下人眼对比度敏感函数及模型

正常环境下研究得出的对比敏感度函数模型,在人眼受长时间高亮度电脑或手机显示屏光辐射(即视觉异常)时不再适用。文中基于正弦光栅的计算公式在Matlab中编程得到了实验所需的正弦光栅。由于在不同光谱功率分布下的对比敏感度值会有较大差别,实验基于LCD显示器得出视觉异常实验者在不同光谱功率分布(日光,灯光)下的对比敏感度值和CSF曲线。并通过非线性最小二乘法得出视觉异常时CSF模型。其结果表明,视觉异常时人眼最敏感空间频率和光学成像能力均发生了较大变化,且节能灯和显示屏等非自然光源与自然光源日光相比其光谱功率分布对人眼对比敏感度的影响最大。     

基于视觉冗余模型的码率压缩方法

提出了一种基于视觉冗余模型的码率压缩方法,它是建立在人眼视觉特性视觉冗余模型的基础上,通过与编码标准参考软件相结合,进一步压缩编码比特数。实验结果表明,在图像质量没有明显变化的前提下,此方法在视频编码标准的基础上能进一步压缩编码比特数,平均压缩率在7%～30%左右。     

Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications

This review outlines the new developments on chitosan-based bioapplications. Over the last decade, functional biomaterials research has developed new drug delivery systems and improved scaffolds for regenerative medicine that is currently one of the most rapidly growing fields in the life sciences. The aim is to restore or replace damaged body parts or lost organs by transplanting supportive scaffolds with appropriate cells that in combination with biomolecules generate new tissue. This is a highly interdisciplinary field that encompasses polymer synthesis and modification, cell culturing, gene therapy, stem cell research, therapeutic cloning and tissue engineering. In this regard, chitosan, as a biopolymer derived macromolecular compound, has a major involvement. Chitosan is a polyelectrolyte with reactive functional groups, gel-forming capability, high adsorption capacity and biodegradability. In addition, it is innately biocompatible and non-toxic to living tissues as well as having antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activity. These features highlight the suitability and extensive applications that chitosan has in medicine. Micro/nanoparticles and hydrogels are widely used in the design of chitosan-based therapeuticsystems. The chemical structure and relevant biological properties of chitosan for regenerative medicine have been summarized as well as the methods for the preparation of controlled drug release devices and their applications.     

重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落剌激因子在放烧复合伤中的治疗作用

研究了ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ对受６．０Ｇｙγ射线照射复合１５％Ⅲ度体表烧伤小鼠的造血刺激作用。结果表明：放烧复合伤后，造血功能严重受损，外周血白细胞数明显减少，以伤后３￣５ｄ最低。     

网络团购新进入者及竞争策略探讨

伴随着美国Groupon团购网站的成功,国内出现了大量模仿者,也吸引了众多互联网的成熟企业进入团购领域。文章介绍了本地生活搜索网站、社交网站、电子商务网站、门户网站等新的进入者,提出了Groupon团购网站的关键成功因素,并基于关键成功因素探讨了新进入者的市场竞争策略。     

基于人眼视觉特性的遥感图像融合算法

首先提出基于非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT,Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform)的人眼视觉相对对比度灵敏度函数(RCSF,relative contrast sensitivity function)和绝对对比度灵敏度函数(ACSF,absolute contrast sensitivity function)。然后提出了基于人眼视觉对比度灵敏度函数(CSF,contrast sensitivityfunction)的遥感图像融合算法(IFA-CSF,image fusion algorithmof human visual contrast sensitivity function)。IFA-CSF采用NSCT作为多尺度变换工具,对单方向高频子带采用ACSF融合,对多方向高频子带采用RCSF融合,并对8方向高频子带采用先方向分组再融合的方法。实验结果表明,IFA-CSF优于基于传统CSF和基于局部能量的图像融合算法。     

供应商满意度等级的评价方法研究

供应商绩效评价作为企业供应商管理的永恒课题,引起了国内外学者的广泛关注和研究。在评价指标体系构建、评价方法设计等方面出现了适合各类企业性质的理论研究成果。而航空研究所以其自身的特点,其零/部件供应商的选取以及评价方法有其特有的要求。在现有的评价方法的基础上,提出了基于供应商关键成功因素(Critical SuccessFactor,CSF)的评价指标权重确定的模糊评价方法。该方法由于分析了具体的评价指标项及其权重,量化了供应商在各指标项上的表现得分,对供应商的综合评价及等级排序有指导意义。     

Chemical–mechanical pretreatment of wood: Reducing downsizing energy and increasing enzymatic digestibility

A chemimechanical (CM) pretreatment method was devised, wherein wood chips are acid-treated to weaken the physical structure then disc-refined to produce a fibrous substrate. CM pretreatment was directly compared with a common dilute acid (DA) pretreatment method, wherein wood is mechanically downsized to a powder or fiber substrate and then acid-treated. It was hypothesized that the CM pretreatment sequence would reduce the energy required for size reduction and increase enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated substrate. By treating wood chips in a dilute sulfuric acid liquor before the mechanical downsizing step, the net specific energy (NSE) of disc-refining was reduced by up to 95%. At the optimal acid treatment and disc-refining conditions determined within this work, CM pretreatment could produce a highly digestible lignocellulose substrate (95% cellulose conversion) while requiring less than 100 kWh/tonne od NSE for mechanical downsizing. A comparison of CM and DA pretreated hardwood revealed that CM pretreatment produced a significantly more digestible substrate than DA pretreatment. Differences in the digestibility of CM and DA pretreated substrates were attributed to differences in physical structure. CM pretreatment produced a substrate that consisted primarily of single fibers and small fiber bundles, while DA pretreatment produced larger fiber bundles. Furthermore, the CM pretreated substrate had a more accessible pore structure, and an altered distribution of surface lignin.     

Pharmacological Evidence on Augmented Antiallodynia Following Systemic Co-Treatment with GlyT-1 and GlyT-2 Inhibitors in Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

The limited effect of current medications on neuropathic pain (NP) has initiated large efforts to develop effective treatments. Animal studies showed that glycine transporter (GlyT) inhibitors are promising analgesics in NP, though concerns regarding adverse effects were raised. We aimed to study NFPS and Org-25543, GlyT-1 and GlyT-2 inhibitors, respectively and their combination in rat mononeuropathic pain evoked by partial sciatic nerve ligation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glycine content was also determined by capillary electrophoresis. Subcutaneous (s.c.) 4 mg/kg NFPS or Org-25543 showed analgesia following acute administration (30–60 min). Small doses of each compound failed to produce antiallodynia up to 180 min after the acute administration. However, NFPS (1 mg/kg) produced antiallodynia after four days of treatment. Co-treatment with subanalgesic doses of NFPS (1 mg/kg) and Org-25543 (2 mg/kg) produced analgesia at 60 min and thereafter meanwhile increased significantly the CSF glycine content. This combination alleviated NP without affecting motor function. Test compounds failed to activate G-proteins in spinal cord. To the best of our knowledge for the first time we demonstrated augmented analgesia by combining GlyT-1 and 2 inhibitors. Increased CSF glycine content supports involvement of glycinergic system. Combining selective GlyT inhibitors or developing non-selective GlyT inhibitors might have therapeutic value in NP.