控制爆破法处理卡钻事故

介绍了在包头市某工程实施管道穿越黄河施工中,采用爆破法处理卡钻的经验。针对深水环境条件及钻杆内径小不宜采用集团装药的条件,确定采用"小直径爆破筒,钻杆内部装药"的爆破方案,阐述了爆破设计及施工注意事项。可供类似工程参考。     

Fabrication of alumina ceramics with functional gradient structures by digital light processing 3D printing technology

Alumina ceramics with different unit numbers and gradient modes were prepared by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. The side length of each functional gradient structure was 10 mm, the porosity ratio was controlled to 70%, and the number of units were (1 × 1 × 1 unit) and (2 × 2 × 2 unit) respectively. The different gradient modes were named FCC, GFCC-1, GFCC-2 and GFCC-3. SEM, XRD, and other characterization methods proved that these gradient structures of alumina ceramics had only α-Al2O3 phase and good surface morphology. The mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of alumina ceramics with different functional gradient structures were studied by compression test. The results show that the gradient structure with 1 × 1 × 1 unit has better mechanical properties and energy absorption properties when the number of units is different. When the number of units is the same, GFCC-2 and GFCC-3 gradient structures have better compressive performance and energy absorption potential than FCC structures. The GFCC-2 gradient structure with 1 × 1 × 1 unit has a maximum compressive strength of 19.62 MPa and a maximum energy absorption value of 2.72 × 105 J/m3. The good performance of such functional gradient structures can provide new ideas for the design of lightweight and compressive energy absorption structures in the future.     

A new signal processing-based islanding detection method using pyramidal algorithm with undecimated wavelet transform for distributed generators of hydrogen energy

Machine learning-based fault detection methods are frequently combined with wavelet transform (WT) to detect an unintentional islanding condition. In contrast to this condition, these methods have long detection and computation time. Thus, selecting a useful signal processing-based approach is required for reliable islanding detection, especially in real-time applications. This paper presents a new modified signal processing-based islanding detection method (IDM) for real-time applications of hydrogen energy-based distributed generators. In the study, a new IDM using a modified pyramidal algorithm approach with an undecimated wavelet transform (UWT) is presented. The proposed method is performed with different grid conditions with the presence of electric noise in real-time. Experimental results show that oscillations in the acquired signal can be reduced by the UWT, and noise sensitivity is lower than other WT-based methods. The non-detection zone is zero and the maximum detection and computational time is also 75 ms at a close power match.     

Techno-economic assessment of hydrogen refueling station: A case study in Croatia

Hydrogen refueling station (HRS) capacity and location depend on the users, which makes it difficult to select the most favorable option before potential users are actually identified. As in Croatia, at least for now, there are no hydrogen users, this study considers a wide range of HRS capacities and their different configurations. These include hydrogen production and charging station within one existing wind farm in Croatia or both nearby the users, the hydrogen production within the wind farm and the charging station nearby the users, while hydrogen is delivered to the station with a tube trailer, and configuration of hydrogen production within the wind farm with a mobile charging station in case of several users in different locations. Each HRS configuration is evaluated by the obtained levelized cost of hydrogen depending on the capital, and operation and maintenance costs within the HRS techno-economic analysis provided.     

Prediction of pullout interaction coefficient of geogrids by extreme gradient boosting model

Geogrids embedded in fill materials are checked against pullout failure through standard pullout testing methodology. The test determines the pullout interaction coefficient which is critical in fixing the embedment length of geogrids in mechanically stabilized earth walls. This paper proposes prediction of pullout interaction coefficient using data driven machine learning regression algorithms. The study primarily focusses on using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) method for prediction. A data set containing 220 test results from the literature has been used for training and testing. Predicted results of XGBoost have been compared with the results of random forest (RF) ensemble learning based algorithm. The predictions of XGBoost model indicates 85% accuracy and that of RF model shows 77% accuracy, indicating significantly superior and robust prediction through XGBoost above RF model. The importance analysis indicates that normal stress is the most significant factor that influences the pullout interaction coefficients. Subsequently pullout tests have been performed on geogrid embedded in four different fill materials at three normal stresses. The proposed XGBoost model gives 90% accuracy in prediction of pullout interaction coefficient compared to laboratory test results. Finally, an open-source graphical user interface based on the XGBoost model has been created for preliminary estimation of the pullout interaction coefficient of geogrid at different test conditions.     

梯度铝蜂窝夹芯板的力学行为

梯度分层铝合金蜂窝板是一种有效的吸能结构,本工作在梯度铝蜂窝结构的基础上根据梯度率的概念,通过改变蜂窝芯层的胞壁长度,设计了4种质量相同、梯度率不同的铝蜂窝夹芯结构。通过准静态压缩实验,并结合非线性有限元模拟准静态及冲击态下梯度铝蜂窝夹芯结构的变形情况及其力学性能,分析对比了相同质量下梯度铝蜂窝夹芯结构在准静态下的变形模式以及冲击载荷下分层均质蜂窝结构和不同梯度率的分层梯度蜂窝结构的动态响应和能量吸收特性。结果表明:在准静态压缩过程中,铝蜂窝梯度夹芯板的变形具有明显的局部化特征,蜂窝芯的变形为低密度优先变形直至密实,层级之间的密实化应变差随芯层密度的增大而逐渐减小;在高速冲击下,梯度蜂窝板并非严格按照准静态过程中逐级变形直至密实,而是在锤头冲击惯性及芯层密度的相互作用下整体发生的线弹性变形、弹性屈曲、塑性坍塌及密实化;另外,在本工作所设计的梯度率中,当梯度率为γ₁=0.0276时,梯度蜂窝夹芯板的吸能性达到最好,相较于同等质量下的均质蜂窝夹芯板,能量吸收提高了10.63%。     

Effect of pressure on elemental diffusion in sulfur–iron reaction

The reaction between sulfur and iron under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) was studied. Sulfur–iron reaction models under different pressure levels were constructed. The morphology and formation mechanism of the reactants were comprehensively analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy–line scanning, metallographic microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the pressure of the reaction could significantly affect the diffusion behavior of sulfur and iron during the reaction. With an increase in pressure, the diffusion of iron in the system was inhibited, whereas that of sulfur was enhanced. The pressure distribution gradient at the reaction interface was simulated by finite element calculation. The effect of pressure gradient as the driving force of the reaction on the diffusion behavior of elements was evaluated by thermodynamics combined with experimental results. Based on the experimental results, finite element simulation, and formula derivation, a new standpoint was proposed: the diffusion of substances in the HPHT system was affected by the pressure gradient at the interface.     

From enfant terrible to problem-solver? Tracing the competing discourse to explain blockchain-related technological diffusion

Since the inception of blockchain-related technologies over a decade ago, investors’ uptake of the technologies has grown rapidly. But even with the advancement in standing from conceptual beginnings to real-world experimentation, mainstream adoption of the technologies in either organizational or individual contexts has yet to eventuate. To resolve this paradox, we examine progression of the technologies’ diffusion instead, and in the process, seek to uncover the underlying dynamics of sentiments at play. Diffusion involves multiple actions by different parties, with social discourses via diverse media playing an essential role. In demonstrating the interplay of support to resistance via media framing and the diffusion of innovation theory, findings from our paper contribute to the technology adoption literature. Understanding resistant behavior toward a new technology area could help resolve potential issues that may arise. This would hopefully lead to better technological implementation outcomes in future.     

High-roubustness keystroke recognition method based on acoustic spatial gradient

For the fluctuation of CFCC caused by environmental noise is the main reason for the low accuracy of keystroke detection,the spatial characteristics of adjacent between CFCC were studied,and the spatial gradient structure of CFCC based on points was established.On this basis,the effect of CFCC spatial gradient on keystroke content recognition and the selection of precise neighborhood points were studied on training and testing.Finally,a high-robustness keystroke recognition algorithm based on acoustic signals was constructed.Extensive experiments in different environments demonstrate that the proposed CFCC spatial gradient sound feature achieves great performance and the recognition accuracy is 96.15%.     

提升管内颗粒浓度梯度力的特性

由于Kutta-Joukowski横向力与浓度梯度力的共同作用，提升管内颗粒沿径向在边壁大量聚集并形成稳定的环?核结构。根据实验数据，分析了颗粒浓度梯度的径向分布特征，考察了不同操作条件下浓度梯度力系数K的分布特性。由Kutta-Joukowski横向力与浓度梯度的关系，提出了浓度梯度力的表达式Fρ=K(dρ/dr)A及浓度梯度力系数K的表达式K=[?ρg(νg?νp)(?v/?r)r]/?dρ/dr+(d2ρ/dr2)r?。提升管内颗粒群受到的浓度梯度力与浓度梯度力系数K有关。浓度梯度力系数K在提升管中心处为0，沿提升管径向呈“N”型分布，随表观气速增加而增加；提升管内充分发展段K的数值明显大于提升管加速区和出口约束区，总结了浓度梯度力系数K的经验关联式。