尾气冷却器列管泄漏原因分析与解决措施

通过查找冷却器列管泄漏原因,对设备本体进行解体检查,全面分析了列管泄漏原因,采用新方法 FAT树分析,采取解决途径与预防措施,确保设备稳定可靠运行。     

基于故障树分析法的拆除爆破飞散物事故风险分析

为充分控制拆除爆破工程中爆破飞散物对周边环境的影响,建立了以故障树分析法为理论基础,以拆除爆破工艺流程为主线的爆破飞石故障树模型。以拆除爆破中各个工艺单元为基本事件,同时通过子系统设定、系统执行设定和系统独立设定,将分析过程控制的更加严谨和合乎实际。通过最小割集-概率重要度分析指出有效控制部分基本事件使其不发生可以大大提高系统安全状态;通过最小径集分析和结构重要度分析指出了技术人员特别是高级技术人员对拆除爆破飞散物事故控制至关重要的作用。     

Risk analysis using fault-tree analysis (FTA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) applicable to shield TBM tunnels

In this paper, the potential risk of undesirable events occurring during tunneling with application of a shield tunnel boring machine (TBM) method is discussed along with the risk analysis which can systematically assess overall risk levels. Potential risks and typical scenarios pertaining to shield TBM tunnels have been investigated based on previous case histories and correspondence with experts. The relevant risks from undesirable events were categorized into four groups: cutter-related malfunction, machine blockage or hold-up, mucking problems that hinder transporting excavated materials, and segment defects. A fault-tree set was constructed by grouping risk factors (or causes) into geological, design and construction/management factors. Risk analysis was performed by adopting fault-tree analysis (FTA) and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with consideration of the probability and impact of the risks. In addition, the proposed method was reliably validated by comparison with field observation, and thus indicates its applicability to risk management for shield TBM tunneling.     

某金属矿山采场爆破系统的模糊FMECA评价

金属矿山采场爆破作业包括七大事故模式,即早爆、拒爆、迟爆、爆破飞石、爆破震动、冲击波、炮烟中毒,在对这些危险有害因素进行初步分析的基础上,运用模糊FMECA方法对某金属矿山爆破系统进行综合评价,对危险度高的拒爆事故模式建造了事故树,并根据评价和分析的结果提出了相应的预防措施,为金属矿山爆破安全管理提供一定的依据.     

西门子公司SIWAREX FTA全集成称重控制系统

采用西门子公司SIWAREX FTA称重模块可以代替称重仪表接收称重传感器输出的mV信号,从而与PLC构成全集成称重控制系统,它具有称重控制设备一体化、结构简单、系统集成度高等优点,代表了衡器发展方向.     

Selection of minimal tripping times for distance protection using fault trees with time dependencies

Correct coordination between protection relays is an essential requirement to maintain stability and integrity of electrical power systems. Time settings of protection relays have to be adapted to time characteristics of electrical power systems and time settings of other protections. In the paper, fault trees with time dependencies (FTTD) are used for selecting time delay settings of remote back-up distance protections. In FTTD, events and gates are characterized by time parameters, which are derived from time characteristics of protection devices and the inherent delays of protection equipment. Two case studies are presented. First, the coordination of protections for the simple transmission line composed of two identical sections is studied. Next, the transmission line that contains two sections of different lengths and transformer between them is analyzed. In both cases, formulae for time delays of protections are derived. According to calculations executed for the first case, our method gives time delays that often are significantly smaller than values suggested by generally recommended and accepted rules.     

基于HoR的可靠性配置方法研究

运用HoR(House of Reliability)思想,将故障树分析(FTA)、失效模式影响及危害性分析(FMECA)整合于质量功能配置(QFD)中,建立可靠性配置流程:对系统可靠性指标进行分配,解决了传统方法过度依赖于主观打分的问题;在此基础上,建立以顾客可靠性满意度最大和配置成本最低为目标的模型,将可靠性指标配置到具体的工程技术特征上。并以数控车床电主轴为例,对模型的有效性进行了验证。     

改进的最小割集生成算法与联锁系统模型的安全性测试*

为保证铁路联锁模型的安全性,在故障分析法的基础上提出一种新的用Petri网来建立故障树的方法,动态地描述铁路联锁系统的安全性需求,并根据Petri网安全需求模型的可达标志图,提出一种能自动生成最小割集的算法。根据算法生成的最小割集,设计了一个联锁安全检测器,用于检测和控制联锁系统模型处于安全状态。最后用CPN工具对所建立的联锁系统模型进行仿真,仿真结果表明联锁安全检测器能够保证模型的安全性。     

城市隧道开挖爆破对地表建筑物影响的安全评价

以青岛胶州湾海底隧道青岛端接线工程开挖为研究对象,应用事故树分析法对可能引起地表建筑物受损的各种爆破振动因素进行定性分析,求出各影响因素的重要度,为后续监测和施工方案的调整提供理论依据.通过现场对爆破振动监测,确立振动传播衰减规律,并以此对地面建筑物进行安全性评价.研究成果对指导青岛后续地铁隧道工程开挖和保证地表建筑物安全有重要参考价值.     

基于蒙特卡洛仿真的动态故障树分析

针对基于马尔可夫链的动态故障树分析方法的局限性,把蒙特卡洛方法用于动态故障树分析。研究了动态故障树分析的蒙特卡洛仿真法并给出了仿真的具体步骤,然后利用实例对给定的动态故障树进行了蒙特卡洛仿真,并把仿真结果与精确解进行了比较。结果表明,把蒙特卡洛法用于动态故障树分析是有效的。