Opportunities for combining data of Estonian and Russian monitoring to reflect on water quality in large transboundary Lake Peipsi

Lake Peipsi, one of the world’s largest lakes, is shared between Estonia and Russia. The water quality in different parts of the lake has so far been assessed independently. Here we explore opportunities for combining data of Estonian and Russian monitoring. For that, we 1) analysed the compatibility of data for some water quality variables; 2) estimated the potential effects of the differences in sampling frequency; 3) provided a few regression models to calculate the missing data for months not sampled by the Russian side. Data of the concurrent Estonian and Russian sampling indicated a good compatibility. Estonian data analysis suggested that water quality assessment results are sensitive to sampling frequency. For example, total phosphorus (TP) in the largest basin showed a long-term decreasing trend in three month data that disappeared when data for other months were added. Disregarding some months may lead to under- or overestimation of certain factors with no consistency in the response of different basins. Hence, data of the whole ice-free period are recommended for an adequate water quality assessment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that monthly values of the water quality variables of the same year are autocorrelated. Based on this, we filled the gaps in the long-term data and compiled a dataset for the whole lake that enables its most comprehensive use in water quality assessment and management. Long-term data revealed no water quality improvement of Lake Peipsi. Further reduction of the external nutrient load is needed. Eutrophication is sustained by high internal phosphorus load.     

Fast filling strategy of type III on-board hydrogen tank based on time-delayed method

In order to study the fast filling problem of the type III on-board hydrogen tank, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model is proposed. Several simulation calculations are completed to simulate the fast filling process under different initial conditions. In order to control the temperature rise during the fast filling process, the effects of different mass flow rates are studied. Based on the control of mass flow rate, various time-delayed filling strategies for different conditions are proposed to meet the requirement of shortening the filling time as much as possible without exceeding the maximum temperature limit. It is found that if the delay duration is determined, how the filling time is allocated has little effect on the final temperature rise. The proposed strategy can complete the filling within 155s in a general environment, which saves 62% of the time compared with the filling with constant mass flow rate. This research provides the theoretical basis and technical support for mass flow control strategies of fast filling in the hydrogen refueling stations and has guiding significance for the actual filling process of large-capacity hydrogen tanks.     

Verification of the new viscoelastic method of thermal stress calculation in asphalt layers of pavements

The new viscoelastic method of thermal stress calculations in asphalt layers has been developed and published recently by the author. This paper presents verification of this method. The verification is based on the comparison of the results of calculations with results of testing of thermal stresses in Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The calculations of thermal stresses according to the new method were based on rheological parameters of the Burgers model. The parameters were measured in laboratory at different low temperatures, at long time creep under constant loading. Five asphalt mixes were tested. Three of them were high modulus asphalt concretes and two conventional asphalt concretes. Specimens were prepared in exactly the same way both for rheological creep tests and for the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The results of measured thermal stresses were compared with thermal stresses calculated from the new viscoelastic method developed by the author and in most cases a good agreement was found. For comparison, the measured stresses were compared with results of calculations according to the existing methods. The viscoelastic Monismith method failed in prediction of thermal stresses. The prediction from the quasi-elastic Hills and Brien method was underestimated, but better than from the Monismith method and worse than from the new viscoelastic method. The reasons of discrepancies were discussed.     

浅谈彩色沥青混凝土在路面工程中的使用

公路建设不断发展，对公路的要求越来越高。彩色沥青混凝土有多种特殊用途，被广泛应用和普及。本文就彩色沥青混凝土的应用进行了分析研究。     

贵州省干线公路沥青路面典型病害研究

"十二五"期间,随着贵州省交通建设的飞速发展,干线公路的里程及施工质量也迅速提高。但同时,干线公路沥青路面出现了许多早期病害,并且病害种类也更加多样化。本文对贵州省9个地市的干线公路沥青路面进行了系统调查,并就路面典型病害的成因进行了分析。     

抗凝冰乳化沥青涂层的性能研究

为了研究自制融雪剂对抗凝冰乳化沥青涂层性能的影响,将自制固态型融雪剂按5%、10%、15%的比例加入乳化沥青制备涂层乳液,采用水煮法、摆式摩擦仪、电导率试验分别对涂层材料的粘附性、抗滑性能和抗凝冰性能进行了测试。结果表明:自制型融雪剂对乳化沥青与集料的粘附性影响不大;随着融雪剂掺配比例的增大,抗凝冰乳化沥青涂层的摩擦系数有所降低,但均满足规范要求;相比于普通沥青涂层,抗凝冰乳化沥青涂层的抗凝冰性能得到改善,且随着融雪剂掺配比例的增大,凝冰性能逐渐提高。     

脱硫胶粉在乳化改性沥青中的应用

考察了不同规格胶粉及不同脱硫程度的脱硫胶粉对橡胶改性乳化沥青性能的影响,结果表明,采用100目胶粉即可制备出橡胶改性乳化沥青,但乳化沥青的性能较差;采用活化度为50%左右的100目脱硫胶粉制备乳化沥青时,脱硫胶粉的用量相比于胶粉可大幅提高;在通过外掺100目50%左右活化度的脱硫胶粉(质量分数15%,以沥青计,下同)和质量分数2%的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物改性的乳化沥青中添加质量分数1%的丁苯胶乳,所制备橡胶改性乳化沥青无筛上剩余物,5 d储存稳定性为2.9%,蒸发残留物的25℃针入度、软化点和5℃延度分别为55 (0.1 mm)、64.5℃和22.5 cm,能够满足乳化改性沥青的技术指标要求。     

Evaluation of polyphosphoric acid on the performance of polymer modified asphalt binders

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) on the mechanical performance of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and styrene–butadiene–rubber (SBR) modified asphalt. Conventional properties, multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests were conducted to evaluate the performance characteristics of asphalt at different PPA inclusions. Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were carried to reveal the molecular weight, component and infrared spectra of asphalt. Results showed that PPA hardened the asphalt, improved the rutting and fatigue performances of polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binder, but weakened the anti-cracking performances. Besides, storage stability had a significant improvement as the addition of PPA. The addition of PPA brought more macromolecules into asphalt and led to more high-average molecular weight compounds. Furthermore, PPA changed four component ratios of asphalt. Both PMA with or without PPA have similar absorption peaks. This may be due to absorption peak of PMA covered the changes in PPA modification process as the low content of PPA. 0.8% dosage of PPA may be considered optimum for composite modified binder combining the above experimental results for this binder source.     

Effect of pore characteristics of fine lignite on particle density in separation medium

Effect of porosity on particle density was analyzed, which can be a potential factor of low efficiency. The porosity of particle with different densities was detected by surface area analyzer. In addition, Three-dimensional X-ray micro-imaging system (3D-XRM) was used to analyze the spatial distribution of internal pores. Results show that mesoporous and microporosity content increase with the increase of particle density. Three-dimensional distribution of pores shows that the pores are very rich and show a good connection. The density model including porosity and medium density was established, which shows the effect of medium filling on the change of particle density.     

盐冻融与干湿作用下沥青混凝土的高低温力学性能分析

制备了沥青混凝土样品,并进行了不同次数的盐冻融干湿循环试验。在此基础上,测试了沥青混凝土的高温车辙深度、动稳定度和低温抗弯拉强度,得到了车辙深度、动稳定度和抗弯拉强度随盐冻融干湿循环次和盐浓度的变化规律,研究了盐冻融与干湿作用下沥青混凝土的高低温力学性能。研究结果表明:(1)沥青混凝土60min车辙深度随盐浓度的增加和冻融循环次数的增多而呈线性增长的趋势;(2)沥青混凝土的抗高温变形能力随盐冻融干湿循环次数的增多而逐渐弱化;(3)沥青混凝土的抗弯拉强度经历9次和15次盐冻融干湿循环后分别下降22%~26.4%和42.6%~51.5%;(4)冻融干湿循环次数一定时,沥青混凝土的抗弯拉强度随盐浓度的增加而缓慢下降,并且当盐浓度达到12%时,沥青混凝土的抗弯拉强度减小就很不明显。