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1.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(11):8621-8637
Lactobacillus reuteri fortified camel milk infant formula (CMIF) was produced. The effect of encapsulation in different matrices (sodium alginate and galacto-oligosaccharides) via spray drying, simulated infant gastrointestinal digestion (SIGID), and storage conditions (temperature and humidity) on the viability of L. reuteri in CMIF and the physicochemical properties of CMIF were evaluated. Compared with free cells, probiotic cell viability was significantly enhanced against SIGID conditions upon encapsulation. However, L. reuteri viability in CMIF decreased after 60 d of storage, predominantly at higher storage humidity and temperature levels. At the end of the storage period, significant changes in the color values were observed in all CMIF, with a reduction in their greenness, an increase in yellowness, and a wide variation in their whiteness. Moreover, pH values and caking behavior of all CMIF stored at higher temperature (40°C) and humidity [water activity (aw) = 0.52] levels were found to be significantly higher than the samples stored under other conditions. Over 30 d of storage at lower humidity conditions (aw = 0.11 and 0.33) and room temperature (25°C), no significant increase in CMIF lipid oxidation rates was noted. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that, compared with the other storage conditions, CMIF experienced fewer changes in functional groups when stored at aw = 0.11. Microscopic images showed typical morphological characteristics of milk powder, with round to spherical-shaped particles. Overall, camel milk fortified with encapsulated L. reuteri can be suggested as a promising alternative in infant formula industries, potentially able to maintain its physicochemical characteristics as well as viability of probiotic cells when stored at low humidity levels (aw = 0.11) and temperature (25°C), over 60 d of storage.  相似文献   
2.
Eco-friendly quantum dots (QDs) can be termed green QDs which stand as an attractive choice to modify the properties of known semiconductors in the direction of getting efficient photoelectrodes for solar-induced photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of water, due to their peculiar properties. Thus, it is of high significance to analyze their merit/demerit as an effective scaffold in PEC cell. QDs are known for their excellent optical properties however, the coupling of green QDs with semiconductor is not only useful in improving absorption characteristics but also promotes charge transfer. This review has undertaken the critical analysis on the worldwide research going on the green QDs modified photoelectrode with respect to their optical, electrical & photoelectrochemical properties, role, usefulness, efficiency, and finally the success in PEC system for hydrogen production. Various methods on the facile synthesis & sensitization techniques of green QDs available in the literature have also been discussed. Further, recent advances on the development of green QDs based photo-electrode, along with major challenges of using green QDs in this field have also been presented.  相似文献   
3.
Renewable energy integration into existing or new energy hubs together with Green technologies such as Power to Gas and Green Hydrogen has become essential because of the aim of keeping the average global temperature rise within 2 °C with regard to the Paris Agreement. Hence, all energy markets are expected to face substantial transitions worldwide. On the other hand, investigation of renewable energy systems integrated with green chemical conversion, and in particular combination of green hydrogen and synthetic methanation, is still a scarce subject in the literature in terms of optimal and simultaneous design and operation for integrated energy grids under weather intermittency and demand uncertainty. In fact, the integration of such promising new technologies has been studied mainly in the operational phase, without considering design and management simultaneously. Thus, in this work, a multi-period mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to deal with the aforementioned challenges. Under current carbon dioxide limitations dictated by the Paris Agreement, this model computes the best configuration of the renewable and non-renewable-based generators, their optimal rated powers, capacities and scheduling sequences from a large candidate pool containing thirty-nine different equipment simultaneously. Moreover, the effect of the intermittent nature of renewable resources is analyzed comprehensively under three different scenarios for a specific location. Accordingly, a practical scenario generation method is proposed in this work. It is observed that photovoltaic, oil co-generator, reciprocating ICE, micro turbine, and bio-gasifier are the equipment that is commonly chosen under the three different scenarios. Results also show that concepts such as green hydrogen and power-to-gas are currently not preferable for the investigated location. On the other hand, analysis shows that if the emission limits are getting tightened, it is expected that constructing renewable resource-based grids will be economically more feasible.  相似文献   
4.
山羊乳是一类营养丰富且易于消化的乳品,因其营养成分与牛乳相近而受到广泛关注。本研究通过蛋白质潜在致敏性树状评估策略(生物信息学、消化稳定性、血清学研究、动物模型)对山羊乳配方乳粉的致敏性进行评价,并研究山羊乳配方乳粉与牛乳过敏患者血清中免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)E之间存在的交叉反应性。结果表明,山羊乳配方乳粉的167 种蛋白质中,β-乳球蛋白和α-乳清蛋白含量显著低于牛乳配方乳粉(P<0.05),山羊乳配方乳粉在模拟胃液中更易消化,且与过敏患者血清的结合能力弱于牛乳配方乳粉,动物模型结果表明山羊乳配方乳粉致敏小鼠体温下降幅度、临床过敏症状评分、血清中特异性IgE和IgG1抗体水平、血浆中组胺水平、血管渗透性及组织炎症程度等均显著低于牛乳配方乳粉组致敏小鼠(P<0.05),交叉反应性结果表明山羊乳配方乳粉能与牛乳过敏患者血清结合,但结合能力明显低于牛乳配方乳粉。结论:与牛乳配方乳粉相比,山羊乳配方乳粉的致敏性较弱,可作为牛乳的替代品,降低牛乳过敏性疾病的发病风险。  相似文献   
5.
考虑局部腐蚀缺陷对海底管道承载力的影响,以腐蚀缺陷压力管道压力爆破试验数据为基础,采用有限元方法分析对含腐蚀缺陷管道的失效压力进行分析,提出一种局部腐蚀油气管道失效压力的计算方法。结果表明:管道强度等级对含腐蚀缺陷管道失效压力的影响可忽略;随着缺陷轴向长度及径向深度的增加,管道失效压力降低的趋势较为明显;当环向宽度圆心角θ<100°时,管道失效压力随着腐蚀缺陷环向宽度的增加而减小;引入腐蚀缺陷环向宽度修正系数对DNV-RP-F101计算公式进行修正,并与实验数据对比表明提出的腐蚀缺陷管道失效压力修正公式能够有效地计算含腐蚀缺陷管道的失效压力。  相似文献   
6.
Interspecific interactions among walleye Sander vitreus, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis, and yellow perch Perca flavescens in Green Bay could influence the population status of each species, but potential trophic interactions are poorly understood. Our objectives were to determine if diet assemblages for each species and diet overlap among species varied spatially and temporally within Green Bay. Adult walleye (≥381 mm total length (TL); N = 981), lake whitefish (≥432 mm TL; N = 1507), and yellow perch (≥150 mm TL; N = 1174) were collected during May-October of 2018 and 2019 from multiple locations in southern and northern Green Bay. Diet assemblages of each species varied between northern and southern Green Bay, but walleye diets were more temporally variable (among months within zones and between years) than diets of lake whitefish or yellow perch. Lake whitefish represented a seasonally important prey item for walleye in southern Green Bay, composing 10 % and 41 % of walleye diets by weight in May and June, respectively. Yellow perch generally composed <15 % of walleye diets by weight but were consumed at a broader spatiotemporal scale than lake whitefish. Diet overlap between walleye and both lake whitefish and yellow perch was generally weak or moderate, whereas diet overlap between whitefish and perch was generally strong. Our assessment of adult trophic interactions suggests that changes in the population status of one species could influence fisheries for all three, and we identify additional research questions to address potential population-level effects of these trophic interactions.  相似文献   
7.
The performance of gallium promoted cobalt-ceria catalysts for ethanol steam reforming (ESR) was studied using H2O/C2H5OH = 6/1 mol/mol at 500 °C. The catalysts were synthetized via cerium-gallium co-precipitation and wetness impregnation of cobalt. A detailed characterization by N2-physisorption, XRD, H2-TPR and TEM allowed the normalization of contact time and rationalization of the role of each catalysts component for ESR. The gallium promoted catalyst, Co/Ce90Ga10Ox, was more efficient for the ethanol conversion to H2 and CO2, and the production of oxygenated by-products (such as, acetaldehyde and acetone) than Co/CeO2. The catalytic performance is explained assuming that: (i) bare ceria is able to dehydrogenate ethanol to ethylene; (ii) Ce–O–Ga interface catalyzes ethanol reforming; (iii) both Ce–O–Co and Ce–O–Ga interfaces takes part in acetone production; and (iv) cobalt sites further allow C–C scission. It is suggested that a cooperative role between Co and Ce–O–Ga sites enhance the H2 and CO2 yields under ESR conditions.  相似文献   
8.
Water electrolysis technologies aim to provide a significant increase in green hydrogen production efficiency. In this work, a framework was developed to explore the use of supercritical water for alkaline electrolysis. This framework was used to perform Arrhenius analysis as a function of potential, and to explore activation energies for sub- and supercritical water electrolysis. An analysis of the conductivity of solution unveiled a discontinuity in the trends between sub- and supercritical potassium hydroxide solution conductivity. Unlike prior work on supercritical water electrolysis, this work investigates trends in electrochemical parameters, the sources of these trends, and how they change between the sub- and supercritical regimes.  相似文献   
9.
This study was conducted to estimate the potential for green H2 in Paraguay. A total production potential of 22.5 × 106 tons/year was obtained with a main contribution (93.34%) from solar photovoltaic. The greatest potential for producing H2 from solar and wind resources is in the Western region, and from hydro resources is in the Eastern region of the country. Two end-uses of green H2 were assessed: (1) automotive transportation, replacing gasoline and diesel; and (2) residential energy, replacing firewood and LPG for cooking in households across the country. In 16 of the 17 departments, green H2 is able to replace the overall consumption of gasoline and diesel, as well as firewood and LPG. Finally, energy service cost (mobility), environmental aspects and CO2 emissions were considered for three urban mobility technologies for the Metropolitan Area of Asunción. Results show that the mobility cost of fuel cell hybrid electric buses is still very high in comparison to diesel buses and battery electric buses. However, when a longer driving range is required, fuel cell hybrid electric buses could become a viable alternative in the long term. From an environmental point of view, green H2 used in fuel cell hybrid electric buses has the potential to save about 96% of CO2 emissions in comparison to diesel buses. It is concluded that the estimated green H2 production potential favors the incorporation of the Hydrogen Economy in Paraguay.  相似文献   
10.
Hydrogen refueling station (HRS) capacity and location depend on the users, which makes it difficult to select the most favorable option before potential users are actually identified. As in Croatia, at least for now, there are no hydrogen users, this study considers a wide range of HRS capacities and their different configurations. These include hydrogen production and charging station within one existing wind farm in Croatia or both nearby the users, the hydrogen production within the wind farm and the charging station nearby the users, while hydrogen is delivered to the station with a tube trailer, and configuration of hydrogen production within the wind farm with a mobile charging station in case of several users in different locations. Each HRS configuration is evaluated by the obtained levelized cost of hydrogen depending on the capital, and operation and maintenance costs within the HRS techno-economic analysis provided.  相似文献   
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