Lipids and Antiplatelet Therapy: Important Considerations and Future Perspectives

Lipids play an essential role in platelet functions. It is known that polyunsaturated fatty acids play a role in increasing platelet reactivity and that the prothrombotic phenotype plays a crucial role in the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events. The ongoing increase in cardiovascular diseases’ incidence emphasizes the importance of research linking lipids and platelet function. In particular, the rebound phenomenon that accompanies discontinuation of clopidogrel in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy has been associated with changes in the lipid profile. Our many years of research underline the importance of reduced HDL values for the risk of such a rebound effect and the occurrence of thromboembolic events. Lipids are otherwise a heterogeneous group of molecules, and their signaling molecules are not deposited but formed “on-demand” in the cell. On the other hand, exosomes transmit lipid signals between cells, and the profile of such changes can be monitored by lipidomics. Changes in the lipid profile are organ-specific and may indicate new drug action targets.     

FPGA设计的层次化实验项目的构建

数字电子技术是电子信息类的专业技术基础课程,一方面近些年可编程技术的发展及应用,改变了数字系统的设计理念、设计方法,传统的基于原理图和中小规模集成电路的设计方法已被FPGA所取代,HDL已经成为数字设计技术主流；另一方面在当前“新工科”理念下,要培养具有工程实践能力的人才,但传统工科教育的课程架构却难以满足这一要求。课程内容必须跟上时代发展,要服务社会,那么课程与教学内容的改革是无法回避的,本文以传统数字电子技术为基础,结合实际案例,从点、线、面、体四个层次设计实验项目,让学生快速入手并掌握FPGA的设计。     

近景线阵CCD数据采集系统的设计与实现

针对Kodak的RGB三色线阵CCD-KLI14403设计一款基于CPLD的高分辨率线阵CCD实时数据采集系统.系统利用Verilog HDL进行程序设计实现CPLD对各个功能模块和逻辑单元的时序控制,设计采用线阵CCD作为系统图像传感器,以图像专用A/D处理芯片对CCD的输出信号进行噪声处理和模数转换,最后通过USB2.0接口实现上位机与下位机之间控制指令和采集数据的实时传输.这种设计方法不仅降低了对系统各模块之间的协调控制难度,而且具有驱动时序精确、抗干扰性能良好、输出信号稳定等特点.实验结果表明,该设计系统可以有效地完成图像数据的采集和传输,达到了预期效果,且设计灵活,系统性能较好,具有一定的通用性和科研价值.     

基于ARM和CPLD的嵌入式卷板机数控系统设计

针对工业控制计算机与PLC或与运动控制卡组成的卷板机数控系统开发成本和功耗较高的问题,对卷板机数控系统进行改造,设计了一套基于ARM和CPLD组成的嵌入式卷板机数控系统,采用S3C2416和EPM570T144C5为控制芯片,给出系统的各种硬件接口、CPLD程序以及数控系统软件的设计方案。通过对系统各个接口的输入输出进行实验或仿真验证,结果证明该系统具有良好的稳定性和可靠性,同时该系统可以灵活的配置不同的接口模块、体积小、功耗低,可以适配于三辊、四辊卷板机或应用到其他工业控制场合。     

Rosuvastatin Enhances the Catabolism of LDL apoB‐100 in Subjects with Combined Hyperlipidemia in a Dose Dependent Manner

Dose‐associated effects of rosuvastatin on the metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo) B‐100 in triacylglycerol rich lipoprotein (TRL, d < 1.019 g/ml) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and of apoA‐I in high density lipoprotein (HDL) were assessed in subjects with combined hyperlipidemia. Our primary hypothesis was that maximal dose rosuvastatin would decrease the apoB‐100 production rate (PR), as well as increase apoB‐100 fractional catabolic rate (FCR). Eight subjects received placebo, rosuvastatin 5 mg/day, and rosuvastatin 40 mg/day for 8 weeks each in sequential order. The kinetics of apoB‐100 in TRL and LDL and apoA‐I in HDL were determined at the end of each phase using stable isotope methodology, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and multicompartmental modeling. Rosuvastatin at 5 and 40 mg/day decreased LDL cholesterol by 44 and 54 % (both P < 0.0001), triacylglycerol by 14 % (ns) and 35 % (P < 0.01), apoB by 30 and 36 % (both P < 0.0001), respectively, and had no significant effects on HDL cholesterol or apoA‐I levels. Significant decreases in plasma markers of cholesterol synthesis and increases in cholesterol absorption markers were observed. Rosuvastatin 5 and 40 mg/day increased TRL apoB‐100 FCR by 36 and 46 % (both ns) and LDL apoB‐100 by 63 and 102 % (both P < 0.05), respectively. HDL apoA‐I PR increased with low dose rosuvastatin (12 %, P < 0.05) but not with maximal dose rosuvastatin. Neither rosuvastatin dose altered apoB‐100 PR or HDL apoA‐I FCR. Our data indicate that maximal dose rosuvastatin treatment in subjects with combined hyperlipidemia resulted in significant increases in the catabolism of LDL apoB‐100, with no significant effects on apoB‐100 production or HDL apoA‐I kinetics.     

Advances in the Study of the Antiatherogenic Function and Novel Therapies for HDL

The hypothesis that raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels could improve the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is facing challenges. There is multitudinous clear clinical evidence that the latest failures of HDL-C-raising drugs show no clear association with risks for CVD. At the genetic level, recent research indicates that steady-state HDL-C concentrations may provide limited information regarding the potential antiatherogenic functions of HDL. It is evident that the newer strategies may replace therapeutic approaches to simply raise plasma HDL-C levels. There is an urgent need to identify an efficient biomarker that accurately predicts the increased risk of atherosclerosis (AS) in patients and that may be used for exploring newer therapeutic targets. Studies from recent decades show that the composition, structure and function of circulating HDL are closely associated with high cardiovascular risk. A vast amount of data demonstrates that the most important mechanism through which HDL antagonizes AS involves the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process. Clinical trials of drugs that specifically target HDL have so far proven disappointing, so it is necessary to carry out review on the HDL therapeutics.     

Assembly and Characterization of Biocompatible Coenzyme Q10-Enriched Lipid Nanoparticles

Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) is a strongly hydrophobic lipid that functions in the electron transport chain and as an antioxidant. CoQ₁₀ was conferred with aqueous solubility by incorporation into nanoparticles containing phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. These particles, termed CoQ₁₀ nanodisks (ND), contain 1.0 mg CoQ₁₀/5 mg PtdCho/2 mg apoA-I (97% CoQ₁₀ solubilization efficiency). UV/Vis absorbance spectroscopy of CoQ₁₀ ND revealed a characteristic absorbance peak centered at 275 nm. Incorporation of CoQ₁₀ into ND resulted in quenching of apoA-I tryptophan fluorescence emission. Gel filtration chromatography of CoQ₁₀ ND gave rise to a single major absorbance peak and HPLC of material extracted from this peak confirmed the presence of CoQ₁₀. Incubation of cultured cells with CoQ₁₀ ND, but not empty ND, resulted in a significant increase in the CoQ₁₀ content of mitochondria as well as enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, as observed by a ~24% increase in maximal oxygen consumption rate. Collectively, a facile method to solubilize significant quantities of CoQ₁₀ in lipid nanoparticles has been developed. The availability of CoQ₁₀ ND provides a novel means to investigate biochemical aspects of CoQ₁₀ uptake by cells and/or administer it to subjects deficient in this key lipid as a result of inborn errors of metabolism, statin therapy, or otherwise.     

CCSDS中位平面编码的FPGA优化实现

CCSDS图像压缩算法是空间数据系统咨询委员会针对深空探测图像制定的图像压缩标准.该算法的码率可控、复杂度较低,而且算法结构适合于硬件实现,支持对空间数据的高速实时处理.给出了基于可编程逻辑电路硬件的位平面编码算法的设计与实现方法,并通过分析直流、交流系数编码过程中各模块内部和模块间的关系,设计了流水线,使系统处理速度...     

SDH中HDB3编解码电路的FPGA实现

SDH传输系统中,为了使传输波形便于提取定时信息和检错,选择HDB3码.通过Verilog HDL编写程序代码,在Quartus Ⅱ 9.0环境下,完成了布局布线和时序仿真,给出了仿真结果,选用ALTERA公司的CycloneⅢ系列FPGA芯片,实验结果与理论输出值一致.