棉织物色泣现象成因及其消除

以萃取活性染料染色织物浮色的方式,探究活性染料染色棉织物的色泣牢度与浮色之间的关系。结合染色原理对活性染料染色棉织物经储存后色泣牢度下降的原因进行了分析,并尝试使用加强皂洗和固色处理的方式提高织物色泣牢度。结果表明,浮色是影响活性染料染色棉织物色泣牢度的重要因素,已上染的活性染料经一定时间储存后发生水解断键可能是导致色泣牢度下降的重要因素。增加1~2次皂洗可以提高色泣牢度,固色剂JAL-01和固色剂JAL-02均可以显著提高棉织物活性染料染色的色泣牢度,但其中固色剂JAL-01对织物的色光影响较大。     

柞树叶对麻织物的染色性能研究

柞树叶含有较高单宁,是较好的黑灰色染材。文中采用水煎法萃取柞树叶中的色素得到染液,探讨了不同染色方法对麻织物颜色特征值的影响,并优化了预媒染工艺条件。结果表明,直接染可染浅灰黄色调,应用范围有限;预媒染适合染较深的黑灰色调,同媒染适合染中灰色调,后媒染适合染浅灰黄色调。其中,预媒染应用价值最大。最佳预媒染色工艺为:浴比1∶50、染液质量浓度100.00%(pH值为6)、染色温度80℃、染色时间30 min、皂矾媒染剂质量浓度5.00 g/L、染色次数为7次。     

语音录入系统在针织成品检验中的应用

介绍纺织面料成品检验语音输入系统的方案设计,通过语音识别与合成技术构建语音录入系统,通过自适应学习提高识别效率。阐述通过成品检验环境噪音测试、验布工人声音采集建立语音系统,以及该系统在语音验布上的应用。经过应用测试显示,使用语音系统代替手写录入可使疵点检验率从57%提升到73%。在针织成品检验中采用语音录入系统能够快速录入疵点信息,提高检验效率,进一步简化验布工操作流程,降低漏验和堵布风险,提高面料整体的质量控制能力。     

不锈钢丝包芯纱针织物电磁屏蔽性能研究

采用涤纶长丝、棉粗纱和超细316L不锈钢丝在HN32-04型棉纺花式捻线机上纺制不锈钢丝包芯纱,并在龙星LXC-252SCV型电脑横机上编织纬平针织物及浮线添纱针织物。介绍纺纱原理及编织工艺,并测试不锈钢丝包芯纱的拉伸性能以及针织物的电磁屏蔽效能。结果表明,不锈钢丝包芯纱的平均拉伸断裂强力为38.96 N,位移为124.30 mm,其拉伸过程分为不锈钢丝断裂、纱线中纤维抽拔、纱线断裂过程。随着电磁波频率的不断增强,纬平针织物和浮线添纱针织物的电磁屏蔽效能下降。针织物结构不同,织物紧密程度和线圈大小不同,对不同频段电磁波的屏蔽能力也不同。     

紫金山东南矿段成矿期次、阶段浅析

通过对紫金山东南矿段铜钼(金)矿床地质矿化特征分析,指出铜钼矿化带主要赋存于花岗闪长斑岩的内外接触带,处于似斑状花岗闪长斑岩的上部,金矿化带赋存在表生氧化带的英安玢岩、隐爆角砾岩中。经过对矿石的组构特征、矿物生成顺序等特征分析,将矿床的成矿演化过程分为斑岩热液期、高硫化浅成低温热液期、表生氧化期三个主要矿化期次,进一步将斑岩热液期分为黑云母-钾长石化阶段、石英-绢云母化阶段、碳酸盐化阶段三个阶段;高硫化浅成低温热液期分为地开石化阶段、明矾石化阶段、硅化阶段三个阶段。研究结果为进一步研究矿床成因提供了依据。     

指甲花叶色素对涤纶织物染色及防紫外线整理

文中研究了指甲花叶色素对涤纶织物染色及防紫外线整理,首先探讨了涤纶织物高温高压指甲花叶色素直接染色的较优工艺,并以硫酸铝钾和单宁酸作为媒染剂对织物进行后媒染色,探讨了媒染剂媒染对染色性能及防紫外线效果的影响。结果表明,指甲花色素对涤纶织物高温高压直接染色工艺较优条件为:染色温度125℃、染色时间60 min、染液浓度30 g/L和pH值=3,染色后织物耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度满足穿着要求,且具有一定的防紫外线性能;硫酸铝钾和单宁酸作为媒染剂对涤纶织物后媒染色有利于提升指甲花叶色素上染涤纶织物的效果及防紫外线能力。     

羊毛针织物冷转移印花工艺分析

针对羊毛织物采用圆网或平网印花花型不清晰、易堵网,数码喷墨印花易堵塞喷头等问题,文中利用冷转移印花工艺处理羊毛织物,并详细介绍了冷转移印花工艺中的染料选择、印刷、转印、蒸化、水洗工艺,并对工艺进行分析及优化,为羊毛针织物冷转移印花提供参考依据。     

Direct shear behavior of gravel-rubber mixtures: Discrete element modeling and microscopic investigations

In this paper, a newly developed 3-dimentional discrete element model (DEM) for gravel-rubber mixtures (GRMs), namely DEM4GRM, that is capable of accurately describing the macro-scale shear response (from small to large deformation) of GRMs in a direct shear box apparatus is presented. Rigid gravel grains are modelled as simple multi-shape clumps, while soft rubber particles are modeled by using deformable 35-ball body-centered-cubic clusters. Mixtures are prepared with different volumetric rubber content (VRC) at 0, 10, 25, 40 and 100%, statically compressed under 30, 60 and 100 kPa vertical stress and then sheared, by closely simulating a reference laboratory test procedure. The variation of micro-scale factors such as fabric, normal and tangential force anisotropy is carefully examined throughout the shearing process and described by means of novel micro-mechanical relationships valid for GRMs. Moreover, strong-force chains are scrutinized to identify the transition from rigid to soft granular skeleton and gain insights on the load transfer and deformation mechanisms of GRMs. It is shown that the development of the fabric and force anisotropy during shearing is closely related to the macro-scale shear strength of GRMs, and strongly depends on the VRC. Besides, strong-force chains appear to be primarily formed by gravel-gravel contacts (resulting in a rigid-like mechanical behavior) up to VRC = 30%, and by rubber-rubber contacts (causing a soft-like mechanical response) beyond VRC = 60%. Alternatively, at 30% < VRC < 60%, gravel-rubber contacts are predominant in the strong-force network and an intermediate mechanical behavior is observed. This is consistent with the behavioral trends observed in the macro- and micro-mechanical responses.     

Effect of the particle size ratio on macro- and mesoscopic shear characteristics of the geogrid-reinforced rubber and sand mixture interface

As a new type of material for civil engineering projects, the rubber and sand mixture is widely used in roadbed fillers, offering environmental benefits over traditional tyre disposal methods. This study uses a large-scale direct shear apparatus to examine the interface shear properties of the geogrid-reinforced rubber and sand mixture, considering different particle size ratios (r), rubber contents, and normal stresses. Based on indoor tests, direct shear models of the mixture with different values of r are established in PFC^3D, revealing the meso-mechanical mechanism of the mixture in the direct shear process. The results show that when r is greater than 1, incorporating a certain amount of rubber particles can increase the shear strength of the mixture. The r values of 15.78, 7.63, and 3.98 correspond to an optimal rubber content of 30%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. When r is less than 1, mixing rubber particles can only reduce the shear strength of the mixture. When the rubber content is low, the smaller the value of r, the greater is the thickness of the shear band. Furthermore, the normal and tangential contact forces are greater. The fabric anisotropy evolution law of the mixture is consistent with the change in the contact force distribution.     

复合抗菌保暖功能纬编面料生产实践

采用14.69 tex(40S)黏胶基罗布麻与黏胶混纺纱(30∶70)、14.62 tex黏胶基羊毛蛋白与精梳棉混纺纱(60∶40)和14.58 tex精梳棉纱,在28针/25.4 mm的PL-KD型双面针织机上,开发复合抗菌保暖功能的双罗纹针织面料。详细介绍原料选择、编织工艺和染整工艺,并测试面料的物理机械性能、服用性能及抗菌、吸湿发热保暖、抗静电、防紫外线性能。结果表明,开发的面料具有良好的抗菌、吸湿发热、蓄热保暖、透气、透湿、抗静电、防紫外线等功能,可广泛用于秋冬季薄型保暖服饰,具有较高的附加值。