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1.
ABSTRACT

Wireless Interoperability for Multiple Access (WiMAX) is one of the emerging fields of high-speed wireless communication that has enormous capabilities due to its range and the connection speed. Like wireless local area networks (LANs), WiMAX networks implement multiple quality of service (QoS) frameworks at the Media Access Control (MAC) level for assured data, voice, and video services. The question of ensuring QoS is basically how to distribute available resources to users in order to satisfy QoS parameters such as latency, jitter and throughput requirements. IEEE 802.16 standard does not have any particular guidelines on scheduling of incoming and outgoing data. This has caught the attention of researchers working on WiMAX. This article discusses the various issues in WiMAX along with a classification of various scheduling approaches based upon the type of scheduler for the sake of better understanding the scheduling problem and analyzing various available theories.  相似文献   
2.
智能变电站IEEE 1588同步偏差对同步相量量测的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
IEEE 1588协议所提供的高精度的网络同步方式,在智能变电站网络化通信中具有重要的应用价值。基于抗网络流量能力、时间戳精度和可靠性分析了更适用于智能变电站的IEEE 1588时钟模式。基于过程层网络报文的特征和实际工况,分析了交换机风暴过滤功能及其不足对IEEE 1588同步性能的影响。搭建了智能变电站过程层三网合一硬件时钟性能测试平台,测试了虚拟局域网(VLAN)正常或失效时IEEE 1588同步受背景流量的影响。通过仿真分析了交换机风暴下同步偏差对相量测量单元(PMU)量测误差的影响。  相似文献   
3.
IEEE 802.11 wireless network standard has become one of the most used wireless networking technologies for smart devices as it offers mobility support and low cost deployment. However, these devices deeply rely on the energy provided by their batteries, which results in limited running time. IEEE 802.11 network standard provides stations with carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance for the medium access. Yet it results in stations to consume an important amount of power. Therefore, minimizing WiFi‐based energy consumption in smart devices has been received substantial attention in both academia and industry. Accordingly, this paper * proposes a novel beacon‐based energy‐efficient collision‐free medium access control protocol for any type of IEEE 802.11 stations, regardless of being stationary or mobile, or having different amount of traffic flow, transmission rates, or traffic types. The proposed scheme is valid for all types of low or wide bandwidth, single or multiuser multiple‐input multiple‐output WLAN channels, such as IEEE 802.11a\b\g\n\ac. In the proposed scheme, energy saving is achieved, enabling stations to transmit on the right time and maintaining stations in the doze state during a predetermined sleep_time interval after each successful frame transmission, by making use of modified control and management frames of the standard IEEE 802.11 protocol. The proposed scheme reduces the probability of collisions and may allow stations to enter the collision‐free state, regardless of the number of stations on the channel and their traffic types. Widespread simulations have been executed to validate the efficiency of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly increases overall throughput and reduces power consumption of stations over IEEE 802.11 WLANs.  相似文献   
4.
针对目前浮点运算软件实现速度慢,不能满足嵌入式处理器实时性要求以及运算种类有限等问题,提出了一种基于RISC-V指令集的浮点处理器,能够执行加法、减法、乘法、除法、平方根、乘累加以及比较运算,完全符合IEEE 754-2008标准。在VCS仿真环境下对浮点处理器进行了功能验证,各模块均能满足正确性要求。将浮点处理器与一款开源处理器核蜂鸟E203集成,使用SMIC 0.18工艺库完成了逻辑综合,并在FPGA上对设计进行了测试。结果表明,该浮点处理器的逻辑门数仅为24 200,吞吐量为150 MFLOPS,与已公开文献的设计方案相比,硬件面积分别减少7%、1.5%。综合运行频率可达100 MHz。  相似文献   
5.
In recent years, medical service has been evolving from systems designed around centralized hospitals to Ubiquitous Healthcare (U‐Healthcare). U‐Healthcare system can facilitate real‐time monitoring of patient states, and can provide medical checkups and management whenever and wherever the medical staff deems necessary. U‐Healthcare services can provide chronic condition monitoring in the early stages of diseases and help execute decisive medical action in emergencies. However, thus far, the application of U‐Healthcare systems has been limited to diseases such as obesity, diabetes, etc. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is among the most critical chronic diseases and requires early detection and treatment. In this paper, we propose an AMI diagnostic software technique and protocol that can support real‐time communication between the patient and medical personnel. Our monitoring and diagnostic system has been developed using a protocol based on ISO/IEEE 11073. When data is transferred from the patient's smartphone to a server in hospital, the medical personnel consult the patient's biosensor data to determine the status of the relevant disease and provide appropriate medical service. The relevant information is sent back to the patient's smartphone through a wireless network, and patients can view their data in graphical format through their smartphone. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
6.
《Microelectronics Journal》2015,46(6):415-421
A 5 GHz LC VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator) with automatic amplitude control (AAC) and automatic frequency-band selection (AFBS) for 2.4 GHz ZigBee transceivers is presented. Instead of continuous feedback loop, an alternative amplitude calibration scheme is proposed in this paper to alleviate the deficiencies inherent in the conventional approach. It helps to keep the VCO at optimum amplitude to avoid saturation of the cross-coupled transistors and therefore stabilizes the phase noise performance over process, voltage and temperature variations. For the ZigBee application with 16 frequency channels, a coarse tuning loop is added in this work to implement the frequency-band selection using the AFBS mechanism. The VCO core and the digital AAC, AFBS modules have been fully integrated in a 2.4 GHz ZigBee transceiver which was fabricated in a 0.18 μm RF-CMOS technology. The current consumption is 4.7 mA at 4.85 GHz with 1.8 V power supply and a chip area of about 0.285 mm2 is occupied. The VCO is capable of operating from 4.67 GHz to 5.18 GHz and the measured phase-noise level is –120 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from a 4.85 GHz carrier. The tuning sensitivity KVCO of the VCO is about 78 MHz/V with 0.9 V control voltage.  相似文献   
7.
More and more mobile devices such as smartphones are being used with IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs (WLANs or Wi-Fi). However, mobile users are still experiencing poor service quality on the move due to the large handoff delay and packet loss problem. In order to reduce the delay, a new handoff scheme using the geomagnetic sensor embedded in mobile devices is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme predicts the movement direction of a Mobile Station (MS) from the currently associated Access Point (AP) and performs active scanning with a reduced number of channels. In terms of the packet loss, a lightweight retransmission protocol is also proposed to minimize lost packets on Wi-Fi without producing a lot of acknowledgement packets. The proposed approaches are implemented on Android smartphones, and their performance is evaluated in a real indoor WLAN environment. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes maintain seamless quality for real-time video even in an environment with frequent handoffs. Note that the proposed schemes are a client-only solution and do not require modification of the existing APs, which renders them very practical.  相似文献   
8.
为了准确评估实际网络中IEEE 802.11b分布式协调功能(Distributed Coordination Function,DCF)的系统性能,提出了一种三维Markov链路模型,该模型综合考虑了DCF协议退避计数器冻结状态和有限重传次数,并结合M/M/1/K排队模型给出了在负载有限的情况下DCF系统性能的理论模型。仿真结果表明,该模型能准确地预测IEEE 802.11b DCF协议的系统性能。  相似文献   
9.
Wireless hotspots, ie, infrastructures composed of several IEEE 802.11 access points (APs), are today the most common solution in providing Internet access to a wide and rapidly changing population of users. According to common device implementation, stations establish associations with APs based on the measured strongest Received Signal Strength Indicator level. This usually leads to an uneven distribution of users to APs, increasing the chances of local network congestion. Load balancing (LB) solutions aim at mitigating this problem controlling the distribution of users. The LB algorithms enforce stations to associate with APs that manage a low number of users and/or that have a low traffic load. Usually, LB solutions do not consider traffic priorities or they assume some a priori quality of service (QoS) configuration for users. In this study, we propose a QoS‐LB solution based on the cell breathing technique with the goal of balancing the load in IEEE 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) Hotspots. The proposed algorithm explores the space of possible power/EDCA configurations by using a branch and bound approach that reduces the number of analyzed configurations and, hence, the time required to find the global optimal solution. The algorithm has been analytically defined and its performance evaluated through simulations and tests in a real test bed. The results prove that the proposed solution is effective in solving the optimal QoS‐LB configuration problem in WiFi hotspots of average size.  相似文献   
10.
简单介绍了IEEE1588协议的时间同步机制,提出了一种在物理层内部标记时间戳的方案,并采用FPGA设计实现了支持时间戳标记电路的10G Base-R PHY,仿真和测试结果表明这种PHY具有最多一个时钟周期的延迟抖动,极大地降低了网络延时抖动对时间同步精度的影响,满足高精度时间同步的要求.  相似文献   
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