基于经验模态分解方法的拉曼光谱信号处理研究

经验模态分解(EMD)方法是一个以信号内在物理频率成分为对象的自适应时频分析方法,而常见的非平稳信号分析方法,比如小波分析,它需要选择小波基,不同小波基的分析结果不同;拉曼光谱信号是典型的非线性和非平稳信号,EMD方法充分地保留了信号本身的非线性和非平稳的特征,适应于拉曼光谱信号的分析。实验在自行研制的拉曼光谱测试平台上获得了原始的拉曼光谱信号,并通过经验模态分解将信号分解成不同频率的10个本征模式分量,信号能量集中在750cm^-1和1500cm^-1左右,最后进行了频率成分分析和去噪处理,并和小波分析方法进行了对比,验证了EMD方法的有效性和实用性,该方法在拉曼光谱信号分析中有较好的应用前景。     

Spark plasma sintering of oxides and carbide dispersed zirconia inert matrix fuels

Zirconia-based inert matrix fuels reinforced by ZrC were synthesized via spark plasma sintering (SPS). Composites with full density were obtained. In order to prevent the oxidation introduced by dispersed ZrC in the bulk composite, SiC and ZrB₂ were later added into the composite and their capability to improve oxidation resistance was examined. SiC was found to form an oxidation layer which could enhance the oxidation resistance. In addition, micro hardness was improved attributing to effective sintering facilitated by silica flow and distribution of ZrC. With an optimum sintering condition and the addition of SiC, thermal conductivity was improved at higher temperature with the help of unoxidized ZrC reinforcement in the bulk composite.     

Oscillation mode analysis for power grids using adaptive local iterative filter decomposition

This study proposes an algorithm based on adaptive local iterative filtering decomposition (ALIFD), which is applicable for the feature extraction of a power oscillating signal in a power system. The ALIFD algorithm uses the Fokker–Planck equation to construct the filter function as well as filter sifting to obtain the intrinsic mode function (IMF) with stable features. This algorithm has a solid mathematical foundation and can effectively avoid the mode-mixing problems in the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm. In this study, the ALIFD algorithm is initially used to obtain the oscillation component. Subsequently, Hilbert Transformation (HT) of each component is performed, and oscillation characteristic parameters are extracted. Analysis results of the test signal, the simulation signal, and the measured data verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Meanwhile, the comparative results of the EMD algorithm prove that the proposed method is highly adaptive to extracting the characteristics of power oscillation in a power system.     

Wavelet_Huang和Hilbert_Huang方法用于非高斯风压信号分析的比较研究

非高斯风压时程具有间歇性的大脉冲信号和不对称性,传统的傅里叶变换无法得到信号的频谱特性随时间的变化过程,也不能识别出不同频段处信号的变异性。采用一种结合经验模式分解(EMD)和小波变换(WaveletTransform)的方法(简称WHT)对非高斯风压信号进行时-频-谱联合特性分析,随后讨论了不同频段处信号的奇异性、冲击性和分辨率;并和Hilbert_Huang变换(简称HHT)分析的结果进行对比。两种方法处理非高斯信号都能很好地提取信号的主要特征和分解、重构;由于小波基尺度有限并受到测不准原理的限制,WHT方法得到的小波谱的能量在频率范围内分布较宽,而HHT方法得到的Hilbert能量谱大多都集中在有限的能量谱线上;WHT方法进行不同频段处信号的变异性检测是对EMD分解得到的IMF分量进行小波分解,其更能反映原始数据的固有特性,在任意感兴趣的频段捕捉到信号的局部特征。研究结果表明,HHT方法可以更好地进行非高斯信号的谱特性分析,而WHT方法在信号的分解、重构和变异性检测时效果更好。     

Application of computed order tracking, Vold-Kalman filtering and EMD in rotating machine vibration

This paper presents a study on rotating machine vibration signals by using computed order tracking, Vold-Kalman filtering and intrinsic mode functions from the empirical mode decomposition method. Through the sequential use of intrinsic mode function and order tracking methods, both speed synchronous and non-synchronous vibrations that modulate orders in rotating machine vibrations are distinguished, which is difficult when using each of the techniques in isolation alone. Simulation and experimental studies demonstrate the ability of extracting vibrations that modulate order signals through combining the techniques.     

基于离散余弦变换的IMF特征频率提取

针对经验模态分解(EMD)处理后,固有模态函数(IMF)分量通常会受到其他频率的干扰,导致物理意义不明确,提出应用离散余弦变换提取IMF中轴承故障特征信息的方法。该方法利用离散余弦变换对能量的集中性质,通过对离散余弦变换系数进行硬阈值处理重构信号,能够在时域有效凸显IMF的主要规律,在频域准确提取IMF的故障频率。     

基于EMD-神经网络的电动机转子故障诊断方法研究

在电动机运行过程中,转子断条故障将导致电动机出力降低,性能恶化。因此研究更高效的电动机故障诊断方法来对其进行检测迫在眉睫。针对电动机转子出现断条故障时定子电流信号的非平稳特征,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和神经网络相结合的转子故障诊断方法。该方法首先将原始信号分解为突出了原信号不同时间尺度的局部特征信息的内在模函数(IMF)分量,然后将各IMF分量输入到BP网络中进行训练学习和故障诊断。将此方法应用于电动机转子断条故障的识别,实验结果表明,该方法能快速准确地识别转子断条故障。     

Structural Analysis of Highly Relaxed GaSb Grown on GaAs Substrates with Periodic Interfacial Array of 90° Misfit Dislocations

We report structural analysis of completely relaxed GaSb epitaxial layers deposited monolithically on GaAs substrates using interfacial misfit (IMF) array growth mode. Unlike the traditional tetragonal distortion approach, strain due to the lattice mismatch is spontaneously relieved at the heterointerface in this growth. The complete and instantaneous strain relief at the GaSb/GaAs interface is achieved by the formation of a two-dimensional Lomer dislocation network comprising of pure-edge (90°) dislocations along both [110] and [1-10]. In the present analysis, structural properties of GaSb deposited using both IMF and non-IMF growths are compared. Moiré fringe patterns along with X-ray diffraction measure the long-range uniformity and strain relaxation of the IMF samples. The proof for the existence of the IMF array and low threading dislocation density is provided with the help of transmission electron micrographs for the GaSb epitaxial layer. Our results indicate that the IMF-grown GaSb is completely (98.5%) relaxed with very low density of threading dislocations (10⁵ cm⁻²), while GaSb deposited using non-IMF growth is compressively strained and has a higher average density of threading dislocations (>10⁹ cm⁻²).     

含噪声车用柴油机振动信号混沌识别

为提高柴油机故障诊断的准确性与可靠性,针对含噪声车用柴油机振动信号的瞬时非线性特点,将含噪声柴油机振动信号经验模态分解,去掉主要干扰因素所对应的IMF分量,再将剩余IMF分量进行重构,得到去噪声后柴油机振动信号时间序列;并应用混沌理论,选择合适的时滞τ,对去噪后车用柴油机振动信号时间序列进行相空间重构,并得出了不同嵌入相空间下去噪后车用柴油机振动信号时间序列关联维的变化规律.结果表明:重构的去噪后车用柴油机振动信号能反映柴油机机身振动的真实趋势,是混沌序列,并具有分形特征.在车用柴油机系统中,影响去噪后车用柴油机振动信号的系统内部因素最多可达8个,最小不会小于1个,这为柴油机振动信号的在线故障诊断提供了理论依据.     

Functional properties of reduced moisture fruits as ingredients in food systems

Fruit pieces of some species have been processed to be used as ingredients in various food systems, either by partial dehydration alone or by osmosis and partial dehydration, to achieve different levels of water activity and solids contents in the final products.

The relationships existing among processing, phase composition after processing and functional properties of the products have been assessed within a useful range of water content and water activity.

The functional properties are expressed as diagrams relating the phase composition (soluble solids, insoluble solids and water) to the range of consistencies obtainable at various water activities. These diagrams provide a useful tool for preparing fruit ingredients suitable for specific food systems.