从蚕的生命到艺术：中国古代生命观的哲学表达

中国考古出土的蚕业实物及蚕的艺术形象比较丰富,蚕的艺术形象如蚕纹、陶蚕蛹、牙雕蚕、玉石蚕、铜蚕、金蚕等,可统称为"蚕的模拟形态"。对蚕的模拟形态的功用,已有的诸多解释都有待完善。研究表明,蚕的模拟形态或艺术形象表达的功用或为饰品,或为装饰图案,或有待进一步考究。但无论哪种功用,用"蚕"这一形象都蕴含了特有的用意。通过对中国古代生命观的考察,文章认为蚕的艺术形象折射出相应的中国古代哲学生命观,即中国古人追求的死而复生、生生不息、羽化成仙、长乐无极等观念。     

Irradiation-induced large bubble formation and grain growth in super nano-grained ceramic

In this work, 0.5TRPO•0.5Gd₂Zr₂O₇ ceramic with an average grain size of only ∼15 nm was prepared by a high pressure (5 GPa/520 °C) sintering method. Phase evolutions and microstructure changes of the as-fabricated super nano and micron-grained ceramics under a high-dose displacement damage induced by 300 keV Kr²⁺ ions were investigated. The results show that the super nano-grained ceramic has low degree of amorphization, obvious grain growth (2–3 times in grain size) and big Kr bubbles (10–68 nm) formation after irradiation. The micron-grained ceramic was severely amorphized after irradiation and many microcracks were formed parallel to its surface. The formation mechanism of Kr bubbles in the super nano-grained ceramic is on account of grain boundary diffusion and migration induced by the accumulation of the injecting Kr ions and irradiation defects. Nevertheless, microcracks formed in the micron-grained sample are caused by the accumulation of Kr atoms.     

Chemical durability and surface alteration of lanthanide zirconates (A2Zr2O7: A = La-Yb)

Chemical durability of lanthanide zirconates (A₂Zr₂O₇) (A = La-Yb) under near-field environments is important for evaluating their application as potential nuclear waste forms. In this work, A₂Zr₂O₇ (A = La-Yb) are synthesized by spark plasma sintering with controlled microstructure and their chemical durability are evaluated in a nitric acid solution (pH = 1). Scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals an amorphous passivation film either enriched with Zr or lanthanide. The complex chemistry of the passivation films can be correlated with a transition in corrosion mechanisms from a preferential release of lanthanide in La₂Zr₂O₇ to a preferential release of Zr in Er₂Zr₂O₇ and Yb₂Zr₂O₇. These results suggest a dominant mechanism of incongruent dissolution and surface reorganization for the formation of passivation films. Strong correlations are identified between the leaching rates and cation ionic size, ionic potential, electronegativity differences between A-site cation and Zr, and bonding valence sum of oxygen, suggesting important impacts of structural and bonding characteristics in controlling chemical durability of lanthanide zirconates.     

微结构模芯的精密磨削及其在微注塑成形中应用

针对微结构聚合物元器件的批量化生产与制造效率低等问题，采用精密修整成V形尖端的金刚石砂轮，在自润滑性和脱模性良好的钛硅碳陶瓷模芯表面加工制造出形状精度可控的V沟槽阵列结构，然后利用微注塑成形工艺将模芯表面的V沟槽阵列结构一次成形复制到聚合物表面，高效注塑成形制造出倒V形阵列结构的聚合物工件。分析了微模芯的表面加工质量与形状精度，研究了熔体温度、注射速度、保压压力、保压时间等微注塑成形工艺参数对微结构聚合物注塑成形角度偏差和填充率的影响。实验结果表明：通过微细磨削加工技术和微注塑成形工艺可以高效率、高精度地制造出规则整齐的微结构注塑工件，注射速度对微成形角度偏差的影响最大，保压压力对微成形填充率的影响最大，微结构模芯的微细磨削形状精度值为4.05 μm，微成形的最小角度偏差和最大填充率分别为1.47°和99.30%。     

实物地质资料展览展示研究——以国土资源实物地质资料中心为例

为了让国家馆藏实物地质资料资源“看得见、可获取、用得起、盘得活”,服务于拥有不同需求的专业人员和社会公众用户群体,在展览展示内容、展示方法和结构上有所创新,经过深入、系统地科学研究,理清了实物地质资料展览展示的特色,准确把握和定位了展览大纲,使实物展品、辅助展品、展示方式与展厅所在建筑物融为一体,全面科学地落实和确定了实物地质资料展品和布展方案,创新了实物地质资料展览展示技术方法,提出了以国家馆藏实物地质资料为基础的典型实物展示与多媒体全面展示相结合、模块化展览设计的技术思路,为实物地质资料展览展示的进一步研究提供了技术储备。     

Immobilization of solidified ceramic forms with magnesium phosphate cement

Ceramic solidification offers higher waste loading and a more stable state than can be provided by the glass solidification method because of the stable crystalline structure of its forms, but the process of fabricating large bulk solidified ceramic forms is complicated and therefore limited in application. In this paper, particulate ceramic solidification forms were first prepared by using high-temperature sintering; particulate ceramic solidification forms were then added into a paste of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), which form composite solidified forms after curing. The mechanical and durability properties of the samples were investigated, and the phases, microstructure, high-temperature stability, and leaching properties of samples were measured by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the solidified forms prepared have excellent mechanical properties, high-temperature stability, soaking resistance, and freeze–thaw resistance. The compressive strength of samples decreased with increasing ceramic content, with the strength reaching 27.8 MPa with a 50 wt% load content of ceramic. With adsorption of the simulated nuclides by the hydration products of cement and the retardation effect of MPC, the leaching rate of the simulated nucleus was found to be 1.86 × 10⁻⁷ cm/day, which is less than that of the ceramic solidified form. A protective layer on the surface of the solidified ceramic form with MPC can further improve the performance of the solidified form.     

Bioecology of macrobenthic communities in the microtidal monsoonal Kodungallur–Azhikode Estuary,southwest coast of India

A comprehensive study of the macrobenthic communities in the Kodungallur–Azhikode Estuary (KAE) was conducted during 2009–2011 period. A total of 18,846 organisms were collected, with 60% being malacostracans, followed by polychaetes (20%), molluscs (9%) and ‘others’ group (11%). A total of 79 species in 71 genera belonging to 49 families were identified, with 33 spp. being polychaetes, 26 spp. being malacostracans, 11 spp. being molluscs and 9 spp. being in the ‘others’ group. A single species of opportunistic amphipod (Americorophium triaeonyx) comprised more than 62.05% of the total numerical abundance of macrobenthos. The other dominant species were Obelia bidentata, Arcuatula senhousia, Cirolana fluviatilis, Prionospio cirrifera and Capitella sp. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results indicated environmental parameters such as water column salinity, turbidity, sediment Eh, substratum type, chlorophyll‐a concentration, depth and organic matter in sediment were the significant factors influencing the distribution of macrobenthic species in the KAE. The present study provides baseline information for future KAE benthic studies.     

郭庄煤业选煤厂振动筛筛选形式的优化研究

针对郭庄煤业选煤厂振动筛振动筛分方式可靠性差、筛分效率低下、物料筛分率低的难题,本文提出了三种新的振动筛分方案,对不同筛分方案的实际应用效果进行了分析。结果表明三移动一摆动的振动筛分方式对物料的综合分散度最高,稳定性好,该筛分方案已在郭庄煤业选煤厂煤炭筛分过程中得到了全面的应用。