A mechanistic method for scrutinising LIFT ignition data

The lateral ignition and flame spread test (LIFT) standard (ASTM E 1321‐97a) requires the Thermal Response correlation to be scrutinized for data points that violate the zero heat loss requirement, but the standard gives no guidance on how this should be done. The fundamentals of linear regression were reviewed and an unbiased and mechanistic algorithm for scrutinising LIFT ignition data without human intervention was developed. The algorithm produced reasonable results compared with human interpretation of exemplar test data taken from the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海上地震勘探外源干扰快速压制方法

外源信号与地震震源信号没有明显的地球物理特征差异,其频谱与有效信号频谱完全重叠,同时外源信号的反射同相轴符合地震时距曲线规律,因此用滤波等常规噪声压制方法无法压制外源干扰。本文提出一种外源干扰快速压制算法,利用外源干扰的时距曲线和正常时差可以得到外源干扰的信号源位置,再利用时距曲线模拟出任意位置处的干扰模型,以此校正炮集记录,拉平外源干扰。最后,应用LIFT去噪方法分离有效信号与外源干扰。LIFT去噪方法在信号模型建立和数据重构过程中提取估算剩余信号,能够获得更好的信噪比和信号保持。这种海上外源快速压制算法简便、高效,通过对实际三维地震资料进行处理,证实了该方法的有效性。     

CWP／SU地震数据处理软件研究与应用

CWP／SU是美国科罗拉多矿业学院波场处理中心开发的一款免费的地球物理开源软件。其主要研究地震建模和成像,地震反演理论,以及复杂地质体地震数据处理算法,既可以作为地震数据处理环境,也可以作为波场处理的相关软件的研究与开发环境。其广泛应用于地震勘探开发领域,是一个很好的学习工具。本文主要是以SU地震处理软件为平台,进行了三个方面的研究与应用：基于SU的地震正演模拟;LIFT去噪方法在SU中的实现;基于SU的地震延时校正程序编写。     

Thermal, morphological and optical investigations of Cu(DAB)2 thin films produced by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation and laser-induced forward transfer for sensor development

Many hybrid metal-organic complex materials which exhibit crystalline nature, nonlinear optical properties and chemoselective behavior generate interest as choice materials in various applications. In this paper we report results on Cu(II) 2,2′-dihydroxyazobenzene thin films deposited on silicon and quartz substrates by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation using a Nd:YAG laser, at 266 and 355 nm laser wavelengths. Thermal analysis, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry were performed in order to investigate thin film properties. Micrometric pixels of the compound have been transferred on glass plates by laser-induced forward transfer for chemoselective sensor development purposes.     

Micropatterning of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) by femtosecond laser induced forward transfer

Conjugated polymers are important materials for optical applications, among which poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) has a major role due to its applicability in sensors, organic light‐emitting diodes and large area displays. Despite advances on the synthesis of PPV‐based polymers and the improvements of their properties, its printing process, in particular involving the solid phase, remains unsuitable for the development of electro‐optical microcircuits. This paper demonstrates the printing of PPV from the solid phase in 2D micropatterns. Such an achievement was performed using laser induced forward transfer with femtosecond pulses, which allows area‐selective deposition within reduced scales as thin as ca 100 nm and 5 µm wide. Raman, fluorescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies confirm that the printed PPV micropatterns have the same structure, emission spectrum and conductivity as the target material, revealing the conservation of their original properties even after laser irradiation. The printing process was carried out using PPV films, overcoming the insolubility issue of this material. The optical and electrical characterization of the transferred PPV demonstrates the potential of this method for the patterning of electro‐optical microdevices, since luminescence and electrical conductivity were preserved. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Flame spread measurements on wood products using the ASTM E 1321 LIFT apparatus and a reduced scale adaptation of the cone calorimeter

Flame spread experiments were conducted in an ASTM E 1321 lateral ignition and flame transport (LIFT) apparatus and a reduced scale ignition and flame spread test (RIFT) adaptation of the cone calorimeter. Wood‐based products were tested and a flame spread model was applied to the results to obtain the flame spread parameter and the minimum heat flux required for flame spread. The materials used were plywood, medium density fibreboard, hardboard, two‐particle board products, Melamine (Melteca) covered products with two types of wood substrate along with New Zealand grown Rimu, Beech, Macrocarpa and Radiata Pine. The RIFT gave comparable results to the LIFT for several of the materials investigated. There appeared to be an effective limit on suitable materials that can be successfully tested in the RIFT to those that have a minimum flux for flame spread of less than 7kW/m². This limitation was due to the rapid decay of the heat flux profile along the sample and the lower resolution dictated by the smaller size of the RIFT apparatus. It was found that the limit on the minimum heat flux for flame spread was approximately equivalent to a minimum ignition flux of 18kW/m². Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用LIFT技术衰减海上近道多次波

近道多次波压制是目前海上地震资料处理的一大难题,特别是在浅层气的影响下,近道多次波更是难以压制。常规近道多次波衰减技术在压制多次波的同时,有效信号也受到压制。为此,提出了一种有效衰减近道多次波的LIFT技术,该技术针对有效反射在近中远偏移距均有分布,而近道多次波主要集中在近道的特点,基于局部时窗的AVO原理模拟有效信号,从而达到信噪分离的目的。实际资料处理证实了该技术既能有效衰减近道多次波,又能很好地保留有效信号。     

深水多次波与噪音同时压制技术

海洋地震资料预处理,两大难题就是噪音和多次波。常规的近道多次波压制有预测反褶积和SRME,中远道多次波压制有速度滤波等方法。然而在深水崎岖海底资料中,对于侧面反射、绕射多次波等等,常规的多次波压制方法往往失效,原因在于常规的多次波压制方法的理论多假设地震波是以二维双曲线方式传播,实际上地下地震波传播路径复杂,常规去多次方法有局限。另外对于噪音的压制,技术人员往往是头痛医头脚痛医脚,对不同的噪音采用不同的模块进行压制,即增加了处理步骤,也增加了损伤有效波的风险。本文研究了一种利用剔除拟合法并结合LIFT思想进行深水多次波和噪音压制技术,一次处理流程可以同时压制多种噪音和多种多次波,取得了良好的效果。