图像纹理特征提取方法综述

纹理是一种重要的视觉线索，是图像中普遍存在而又难以描述的特征。纹理分类与分割是图像处理领域一个经久不衰的热点研究领域，纹理特征提取作为纹理分类与分割的首要问题，一直是人们关注的焦点，各种纹理特征提取方法层出不穷。在广泛文献调研的基础上，回顾了纹理特征提取方法的发展历程，分析了其研究现状，对纹理特征提取方法进行了较为全面的综述，对其进行分类和比较，最后给出了纹理研究领域的主要发展趋势。  

A Parametric Texture Model Based on Joint Statistics of Complex Wavelet Coefficients

We present a universal statistical model for texture images in the context of an overcomplete complex wavelet transform. The model is parameterized by a set of statistics computed on pairs of coefficients corresponding to basis functions at adjacent spatial locations, orientations, and scales. We develop an efficient algorithm for synthesizing random images subject to these constraints, by iteratively projecting onto the set of images satisfying each constraint, and we use this to test the perceptual validity of the model. In particular, we demonstrate the necessity of subgroups of the parameter set by showing examples of texture synthesis that fail when those parameters are removed from the set. We also demonstrate the power of our model by successfully synthesizing examples drawn from a diverse collection of artificial and natural textures.  

一种分层马尔可夫图像模型及其推导算法

离散分层马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型由于层间具有了因果性,因而其非迭代的推导算法比非因果的马尔可夫随机场模型的迭代算法复杂度低得多,结果更精确.针对图像分割问题中观测数据有限的情况,提出了一种新的基于离散分层MRF的半树模型,推导出了它的最大后验边缘概率(MPM)算法.半树模型不仅继承了一般分层模型快速、误分类少的优点,还避免了计算中遇到的数值下溢问题,减轻了分层模型带来的块现象,尤其适合大幅面图像的处理.  

基于马尔可夫随机场的快速图象分割

根据卫星遥感图象的特点，讨论了基于马可夫随机场的图象分割方法，建立了相应的基于马可夫随机场的图象分割模型，以实现复杂遥感图象的快速分割，并由此将图象分割问题转化成图象标记问题，进而转化成求解图象的最大后验概率估计的问题。虽然传统的模拟退火算法（SA）能达到后验概率的全局最大，但是时间复杂度太高，实际分割中经常采用次优算法，文中还引进了一种基于博弈理论的决定性退火算法（GSA）和一种基于竞争理论的算法（CA），取得了快速分割图象的效果。试验证明，该两种算法完全可应用于复杂遥感图象的快速分割。  

图像分割中的马尔可夫随机场方法综述

马尔可夫随机场方法是图像分割中一个极为活跃的研究方向。本文介绍了基于马尔可夫随机场模型的一般理论与图像的关系,给出它在图像分割中的通用框架:包括空域和小波域图像模型的建立、最优准则的选取、标号数的确定、图像模型参数的估计和图像分割的实现,评述了其在图像分割中的应用,展望其发展的方向。  

Genetic-Based Stereo Algorithm and Disparity Map Evaluation

In this paper, a new genetic-based stereo algorithm is presented. Our motivation is to improve the accuracy of the disparity map by removing the mismatches caused by both occlusions and false targets. In our approach, the stereo matching problem is considered as an optimization problem. The algorithm first takes advantage of multi-view stereo images to detect occlusions, and therefore, removes mismatches caused by visibility problems. By optimizing the compatibility between corresponding points and the continuity of the disparity map using a genetic algorithm, mismatches caused by false targets are removed. The quadtree structure is used to implement the multi-resolution framework. Since nodes at different level of the quadtree cover different number of pixels, selecting nodes at different levels gives a similar effect as adjusting the window size at different locations of the image. The experimental results show that our approach can generate more accurate disparity maps than two existing approaches. In addition, we introduce a new disparity map evaluation technique, which is developed based on a similar technique employed in the image segmentation area. Comparing with two existing evaluation approaches, the new technique can evaluate the disparity maps generated without additional knowledge of the scene, such as the correct depth information or novel views.  

基于层次MRF的MR图像分割

核磁共振图像(MRI)的定量分析在神经疾病的早期治疗中有很重要作用.提出了一种基于层次Markov随机场模型的MRI图像分割新方法.在高层次的标记图象中采用了混合模型,即区域的内部用各向同性均匀MRF来建模,边界用各向异性非均匀MRF来建模.所以方向性被引入到边界信息中,这样可以更准确的表达标记图象的特性;在低层次的像素图像中,不同区域中像素的灰度分布用不同的高斯纹理来描述.分割问题可以被转换成一种最大后验概率估计问题.采用基于直方图的DAEM算法来估计SNFM参数的全局最优值;并基于MRF先验参数的实际意义,提出一种近似的方法来简化这些参数的估计,实验显示该方法能获得更好的结果.  

基于马尔可夫随机场的SAR图象目标分割

运动、静止目标获取与识别（MSTAR）计划表明，将合成孔径雷达（SAP）图象分割成目标、阴影和背景杂波区域对于从开放环境中进行目标识别是一种有效的手段。但是由于SAP图象所固有的斑点噪声的影响，传统的分割方法很难获得准确的分割。为此提出了一种基于MRF(Markov random field)模型的SAP图象分割算法。用MRF模型描述待分割图象的先验知识，利用最大似然（ML）估计从训练数据中获得图象各区域的先验概率分布，采用Bayes方法，在观测数据基础上，根据分割图象的后验分布所对应的MRF模型的条件概率，利用Metroplis采样器获得最大后验概率（MAP）准则下的图象分割。通过对MSTAR的样本目标图象应用该算法，结果表明它可以获得稳健和准确的分割效果。  

Unsupervised image segmentation using a simple MRF model with a new implementation scheme

A simple Markov random field model with a new implementation scheme is proposed for unsupervised image segmentation based on image features. The traditional two-component MRF model for segmentation requires training data to estimate necessary model parameters and is thus unsuitable for unsupervised segmentation. The new implementation scheme solves this problem by introducing a function-based weighting parameter between the two components. Using this method, the simple MRF model is able to automatically estimate model parameters and produce accurate unsupervised segmentation results. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to segment various types of images (gray scale, color, texture) and achieves an improvement over the traditional method.  

影像纹理分类的马尔可夫随机场方法与试验研究

针对马尔可夫随机场方法用于影像纹理分类进行了探讨。主要探讨了以下三个方面的问题：（１）如何从备选马尔可夫随机场模型中找出最适合的模型；（２）马尔可夫随机场模型参数的估计问题；（３）如何利用马尔可夫随机场模型参数进行影像纹理分类。最后以实际试验情况表明所提出的方法是可行的。