An extended processing scheme for coherent integration and parameter estimation based on matched filtering in passive radar

In passive radars, coherent integration is an essential method to achieve processing gain for target detection. The cross ambiguity function （CAF） and the method based on matched filtering are the most common approaches. The method based on matched filtering is an approximation to CAF and the procedure is： （1） divide the signal into snapshots; （2） perform matched filtering on each snapshot; （3） perform fast Fourier transform （FFT） across the snapshots. The matched filtering method is com- putationally affordable and can offer savings of an order of 1000 times in execution speed over that of CAF. However, matched filtering suffers from severe energy loss for high speed targets. In this paper we concentrate mainly on the matched filtering method and we use keystone transform to rectify range migration. Several factors affecting the performance of coherent integration are discussed based on the matched filtering method and keystone transform. Modified methods are introduced to improve the performance by analyzing the impacts of mismatching, precision of the keystone transform, and discretization. The modified discrete chirp Fourier transform （MDCFT） is adopted to rectify the Doppler expansion in a multi-target scenario. A novel velocity estimation method is proposed, and an extended processing scheme presented. Simulations show that the proposed algorithms improve the performance of matched filtering for high speed targets.     

Development of a suitable model for characterizing photovoltaic arrays with shaded solar cells

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of non-uniform solar irradiation distribution on energy output of different interconnected configurations in photovoltaic (PV) arrays. In order to find which configuration is less susceptible to mismatch effects, a PV module model is developed. This model can take into consideration the effects of bypass diodes and the variation of the equivalent circuit parameters with respect to operating conditions. The proposed model can provide sufficient degree of precision as well as solar cell-based analysis in analyzing large scale PV arrays without increasing the computational effort. In order to produce more reliable and robust simulations, improved and extended algorithms are presented. Some results are discussed in detail and some recommendations are extracted by testing several shading scenarios.     

结合颜色不变量的SIFT和形状上下文图像匹配算法

针对传统图像匹配算法sift和shape-context存在的不足,把这两种算法分别作了改进,并提出一种二者相结合的混合匹配算法。首先在传统sift算法的基础上融入图像的颜色信息,即加入颜色不变量,构建彩色描述子;在shape-context算法中改用基于重心点的形状上下文直方图,代替传统的基于各个轮廓点的形状上下文直方图,生成形状上下文描述子。然后把这两种描述子级联成新的联合描述子,依据设定的新的联合距离对特征点进行匹配,得到初始匹配对。最后利用偏最小二乘法消除误匹配,得到精确匹配点对。实验结果表明,提出的算法能够有效提高图像匹配准确率。     

A new control strategy for the optimization of Distributed MPPT in PV applications

In this paper, a new control strategy allowing to optimize the performances of PV systems adopting Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT) is presented and discussed. Such a strategy is based on the evaluation of an estimate of the optimal operating range of the inverter input voltage and on the evaluation of an estimate of the optimal operating voltages of the PV modules. The main advantage of the proposed technique is represented by the possibility to evaluate in closed-form the above estimates, provided that the PV modules short circuit currents are known. The closed-form evaluation of the above estimates allows in turn the fast identification of a set of optimal operating points for the inverter and for the PV modules; such a fast identification allows to obtain a marked increase of the speed of tracking of the maximum power point of the whole PV system. Moreover, a further advantage of the proposed technique is represented by the capability to avoid that the operating value of the inverter input voltage remains trapped in the neighborhood of a suboptimal operating point thus lowering the energetic efficiency of the PV system, as it may happen when standard MPPT techniques (such as the Perturb and Observe technique) are adopted.     

Robust sliding mode controllers design techniques for stabilization of multivariable time-delay systems with parameter perturbations and external disturbances

In this paper, robust delay-independent stabilization of multivariable single state-delayed systems with mismatching parameter uncertainties and matching/mismatching external disturbances are considered. To achieve this goal, two types of robust sliding mode controllers design techniques are advanced. The first is an integral sliding mode controller design modification to Shyu and Yan type controller design. The mismatching sliding conditions are parametrically obtained by using the Lyapunov-Razumikhin-Hale method and formulated in terms of some matrix norm inequalities. In the second contribution, a new combined sliding mode controller design technique for the stabilization of multivariable single state-delayed systems with mismatching parameter perturbations is advanced by using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii V-functional method. The sliding, global stability and delay-dependent β-stability conditions are parametrically obtained and formulated in terms of matrix inequalities. A sliding mode controller design example for AV-8A Harrier VTOL aircraft with lateral unstable dynamic model parameters is considered to illustrate the controller design method. Design procedures and simulation results show that our advanced method is useful, and unstable lateral dynamics is successfully stabilized by using the combined controller.     

一种解决人脸识别误匹配灾难问题的方法

人脸识别过程中由于外界环境、样本数量以及扰动条件等因素的影响,分类器的分类错误率会出现急剧增加,导致误匹配灾难现象的出现。针对这一问题,采用一种改进型感知器与预识别算法,在人脸无拒识闭集识别的基础上改善和解决了这一问题。在VC++平台设计出的实时人脸识别系统上经过多次测试,结果表明,所设计的分类算法具有很好的自适应性与鲁棒性,误匹配率低、速度快,便于实际应用。     

非匹配焊接接头中裂纹尖端三维拘束状态分析

应用三维弹塑性有限元方法详细分析了焊接接头中裂纹尖端三维拘束状态的分布特征,结果表明：在试样中面附近围绕Ⅰ型裂纹前缘,应力状态均具有明显的平面应变特征,而应力三轴度（Rσ）仅在韧带附近为最大。匹配参数M、尺寸因素（h/a、B、a/w)及加载方式（CCP、TPB、SEC）均会对试样内部的应力三轴度产生显著影响,其中匹配程度是导强度,平面应变参量β仅表示三维应力状态趋珩平面应变的程度大小,而应力三轴度参量Rσ确实描述了三向拉应力状态的严重程度,对于给定试样形式,裂纹张开位移CTOD相等不能保证三维裂纹端存在相似的三轴应力状态,因而用CTOD参量表征材料断裂行为具有局限性。     

Reconfiguration analysis of photovoltaic arrays based on parameters estimation

A method to determine the photovoltaic (PV) series–parallel array configuration that provides the highest Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) is proposed in this paper. Such a procedure was designed to only require measurements of voltage and current of each string, which avoids to perform experiments in each module. The ideal single-diode model parameters of each module in the string are obtained from the analysis of the voltage vs. current characteristics of the string. Using the estimated parameters, all feasible PV array configurations are evaluated to determine the array configuration that provides the highest GMPP. Finally, the proposed solution is validated using simulations and experimental data.     

影像匹配误匹配点的剔除算法

景像匹配过程的复杂性不可避免地会产生误匹配点。基于巡航导弹机动性能的规律，巡航导弹飞越一个匹配区得到的各个匹配点的似合曲线具有一定的变化规律。据此，提出了影像匹配误匹配点剔除的3种算法：⑴基于匹配点拟合曲线曲率较小的算法；⑵基于匹配点拟合曲线为直线的算法；⑶利用惯性导航短时间测量距离的精确性剔除误匹配点的方法。采用试飞试验数据对这3种算法进行仿真验证的结果表明，这3种算法在相应条件下，均能有效地剔除误匹配点，并能满足影像匹配实时怀的要求。     

充电桩计量过程中输出与充电需求不匹配问题分析及处理

针对充电桩现场测试设备的充电需求与实际输出不一致,出现电压、电流不匹配的问题,设计了一套检测方案,构建出包括电流检测模块、电压检测模块和示波器检测模块的检测电路,通过采样电压和电流信号,计算出不同负载下充电桩输出电流和电压值,并设计了包括直流电能采集电路,由双通道AD转换AD7380、可编程增益放大器、可编程增益放大器、增益电阻Rg2和电源变换器、低通滤波器电容CL、低通滤波器电阻RL组成的检测电路,在检测电路中,为了提高检测效率,还设置了校正电路。通过试验,本研究方法分析直观,误差低。