Variation-aware approaches with power improvement in digital circuits

In submicron technology, during the fabrication process factors like lithography and lens defect can change some of the physical parameters of transistors and interconnects. This change can modify the transistor electrical characteristics such as current, threshold voltage and gate capacitance, and thus it causes variation in power, delay and performance of the circuit. Process variation has become one of designer׳s challenges to the point that in below 45 nm technology it is considered as the most important issue in reliability. Power consumption and transistors variation are limiting factors to physical scalability. In this paper, we propose two approaches to reduce D2D and WID variations effects on digital CMOS circuits, at design time. The first approach concerns a variation-aware algorithm capable of extracting optimal design parameters to decrease variation and power. The second approach, using transistor stacking will help further reduce variation and power. Applying the algorithm on a digital design and according to parameters behavior in the presence of variation, we extract for each parameter value that will lead to power and variation reduction. On the other hand, with the stacking approach only basic gates are considered and subsequently gate configurations that reduce power and variation are proposed. The proposed approaches could be used identically for synchronous and asynchronous circuits. To prove this claim, we apply our approaches to a network-on-chip asynchronous router and a circuit from the ISCAS85 benchmark. All simulations are done in 32 nm technology using the HSPICE tool. The proposed algorithm similar to Monte Carlo simulation achieves the same results; however with lower execution time. The application of stacking approach to both asynchronous router and ISCAS85 circuit reduces variation effects up to 40.9% and 13.35%, respectively.     

基于能量平衡的电能路由器综合控制技术

电能路由器由多级电力电子变换单元组合而成,利用各级单元之间的能量传递关系实施综合控制可以提高电能路由器内部直流母线电压的瞬态性能,进而提高电能路由器的瞬态性能。本文首先建立电能路由器的能量模型,然后建立两条不同时间尺度的能量支路,根据其中的能量平衡关系分别设计了控制两级母线电压的能量平衡控制器,同时根据拓扑中各个级联模块之间的能量关系设计了用于级联模块的均压控制器。之后,对于实际系统中无源器件的参数差异对控制模型的影响进行分析,最后给出了基于能量平衡关系的电能路由器的并网运行综合控制策略。仿真结果证明了所提能量平衡控制方法的有效性,并分析了两级母线电容值变化分别对各自母线电压瞬态值的影响,说明采用能量平衡控制可以减少母线电容的设计余量。实验结果验证了理论分析和仿真结果的正确性。     

基于交直流混合微网构架的电能路由器

研究了一种基于交直流混合微网构架的电能路由器,分析了其工作模式,并设计了相应的控制策略。对集成了分布式电源和储能单元的电能路由器系统,在并网和孤岛两种工作模式下进行了仿真研究,验证了本方案的有效性和可靠性。此外,通过在逆变器和储能单元控制回路中引入功率前馈补偿验证了通信机制在电能路由系统中的重要性。研究结果表明,电能路由器可以有效整合各种分布式电源,是一种有前途的可再生能源利用方案。     

西气东输江都-如东线网络架构的优化

针对西气东输江都-如东线频繁出现网络故障的情况,基于江都-如东线现有网络架构,分析了网络系统存在的不足,对网络架构进行了优化,重新划分了局域网,处理了网络环网,禁用了路由器的多余广播,进行了风暴控制,优化了ESD系统参数,提出了在江都-如东线进行网络架构优化的方案。通过对思科交换机、思科路由器、SIXNET交换机和ESD系统的配置进行修改,以及为期1年的试运行,实现了网络故障零发生的目标,提高了网络通讯的质量,保证了系统的可靠性和安全性。     

能源互联网路由策略研究

能源互联网将可再生能源技术与互联网技术相结合,实现分布式可再生能源的大规模利用与分享。针对在以"能源路由器"为基础、以"微电网"为结构单元的能源互联网中,存在大规模、频繁的能量与信息转移传输现象,即能量信息流的"路由"问题,基于能源互联网理想路由模型,利用复杂网络理论,提出3种路由策略,解决3种考虑不同因素下的能量信息流路由问题。针对"能量传输拥塞"问题,提出基于边权的路由策略;针对"能量负载均衡"问题,提出基于网络邻节点负载的路由策略;在同时考虑"能量传输拥塞"和"能量负载均衡"影响下,提出联合路由策略,并通过仿真实验证明了该策略的可行性与有效性。     

帧中继业务互扰问题的分析与解决措施

帧中继网络采用比特透明数据业务部件传输同步数据,采用虚拟路由器部件传输IP数据,针对网络运行过程中出现的不同传输链路的IP数据相互影响和IP数据影响同步数据现象,测试发现与带宽利用率有关。分析了优先级相同时用户数据报协议(UDP)数据比传输控制协议(TCP)数据更易受数据流量影响和入口数据流量过大的原因,以及帧中继不同类型业务发送优先级的对应关系,通过接入限速控制数据流量,并根据不同用户数据特点与传输要求设置相应优先级,问题得到有效解决。实际应用表明,基于限速策略和区分发送优先级的解决措施能够有效防止不同业务相互间的影响,确保重要数据稳定可靠地传输,可为解决其他类似问题提供参考。     

基于Quark微处理器X1000的物联网路由器设计

介绍了基于Quark微处理器X1000的物联网路由器软硬件设计,以及嵌入式微型IPV6协议栈和自适应频率捷变设计。该物联网路由器实现了各种物联网设备间的互联互通,具有网关的高安全性及可管理性,拥有良好的应用前景。     

Numerical and experimental characterization of antenna positioning in a dual-radio mesh router

This paper investigates the influence of the position of the antennas in a dual-radio mesh router by characterizing the router components from an electromagnetic point of view. Since the behavior of a wireless router equipped with multiple devices and antennas can be affected by mutual coupling among several close conducting bodies, numerical and experimental tests are carried out to provide some suggestions for an accurate positioning of the antennas. A reference configuration is implemented in an electromagnetic Computer-Aided Design (CAD) simulator. The most significant numerical results are validated by performing a campaign of measurements in anechoic chamber and deploying a testbed for the derivation of the experimental values of throughput, return loss, power density, and directivity.     

控制转发分离的路由器虚拟集群系统

随着移动互联网、云计算、物联网为代表的新应用、新运营模式的兴起,对IP承载网和网络业务提出了新的技术需求和挑战,简化网络、便于运维、灵活重构等功能也是运营商的重要需求。本文从系统架构、关键技术、应用场景、相关标准化情况多个角度介绍了一种控制转发分离的路由器虚拟集群系统,可以一定程度上简化网络、简化拓扑、简化网管、自动配...     

一种片上网络路由测试方法研究

对片上网络路由器的结构进行了分析,建立了相应的故障模型.针对此故障模型结合内建自测试,提出了一种基于量子遗传算法的测试矢量传递路径寻优方法.该算法具有收敛速度快,精度高等优点.最后通过对测试故障覆盖率和测试时间进行分析表明这种测试方法具有较高的故障覆盖率、较少的测试时间.