17-4PH不锈钢480 ℃时效组织的动态演变规律

将17-4PH不锈钢锻棒固溶处理后油冷,然后选择在最佳的时效温度480 ℃时效保温0～5 h后空冷。通过光学显微镜(OM)、超景深显微镜、XRD、显微硬度仪等测试方法观察固溶、时效过程的组织演变和分析其沉淀硬化机理;采用电阻仪间接测试ε-Cu相动态时效析出过程对电阻的影响;并利用摩擦磨损试验机测试其耐磨性能。研究发现:17-4PH不锈钢固溶和时效过程没有残留奥氏体和逆转变奥氏体出现,热处理后出现板条状和块状两种马氏体形态,板条状马氏体硬度高于块状马氏体,随着时效时间的延长,两种马氏体硬度同步上升,时效析出明显提高了固溶态组织的硬度;时效2.0～2.5 h附近强化效果和耐磨性能最弱,可能与ε-Cu 相长大及与位错交互作用有关;硬度随时效时间的变化趋势与电阻正好相反。     

无表面活性剂快速沉淀法制备盐酸吡格列酮微粉

本研究在不加入表面活性剂条件下采用快速沉淀法制备盐酸吡格列微粉,分别利用扫描电镜（ SEM ）、X射线衍射（ XRD）、红外光谱分析（ FT-IR）等分析方法对原药及产品的性质进行了表征。SEM分析表明,使用快速沉淀法制备的盐酸吡格列酮超微粉尺寸降低,粒度分布均匀,FT-IR、XRD分析表明,微粉化前后药物的化学结构并未发生改变,粒度明显减小,结晶度明显降低。     

An extension of ASM2d including pH calculation

This paper presents an extension of the Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) including a chemical model able to calculate the pH value in biological processes. The developed chemical model incorporates the complete set of chemical species affecting the pH value to ASM2d describing non-equilibrium biochemical processes. It considers the system formed by one aqueous phase, in which biochemical processes take place, and one gaseous phase, and is based on the assumptions of instantaneous chemical equilibrium under liquid phase and kinetically governed mass transport between the liquid and gas phase. The ASM2d enlargement comprises the addition of every component affecting the pH value and an ion-balance for the calculation of the pH value and the dissociation species. The significant pH variations observed in a sequencing batch reactor operated for enhanced biological phosphorus removal were used to verify the capability of the extended model for predicting the dynamics of pH jointly with concentrations of acetic acid and phosphate. A pH inhibition function for polyphosphate accumulating bacteria has also been included in the model to simulate the behaviour observed. Experimental data obtained in four different experiments (with different sludge retention time and influent phosphorus concentrations) were accurately reproduced.     

LED粘片机运动摆臂的优化设计与分析

LED粘片机在正常工作时,摆臂往往存在运动不平稳、振幅较大及趋稳时间较长等问题,影响粘片效率与精度。通过分析摆臂的整个运动过程,提出新的设计方法。首先,利用5次多项式运动曲线来替代梯形运动曲线,保证摆臂运动过程的平滑性;其次,结合静力学分析、模态分析及瞬态动力学分析,对摆臂进行外形优化设计;然后,为减少摆臂转动惯量对运动的影响,对摆臂进行拓扑优化,得到摆臂的优化模型;最后,通过瞬态动力学分析验证,证实了此方法的可行性。     

基于Bézier曲线的两平行线间缓和曲线构造

利用五次 Bézier 曲线,构造了一条含形状参数的两平行线间满足 G2连续的缓和曲线。这条曲线在 t=1/2含有唯一的曲率极值点。利用形状参数可以方便地控制曲率极值的大小和调节曲线的形状。     

17-4PH钢连续加热奥氏体化的动力学

研究了17-4PH钢连续加热条件下的相变行为。结果表明,17-4PH钢在连续加热条件下,相变临界点Ac1、Ac3都随加热速率的加大而提高,转变温区也相应向高温扩展。奥氏体转变量与温度的关系呈S形,转变速率df/dt非定值且存在一个峰值。通过Kissinger法计算,确定17-4PH不锈钢的奥氏体化相变激活能为47.3kJ/mol。     

中间调整处理对17-4PH不锈钢组织性能的影响

在传统固溶+时效工艺基础上,对石油阀块用17-4PH不锈钢进行了固溶+中间调整+时效处理,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、XRD、力学性能测试,分析试样的微观组织和力学性能,研究中间调整处理对其组织性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,溶入基体的碳及合金元素增多,组织成分更加均匀,相同时效条件下材料的硬度越高。添加中间调整处理后再时效,逆转变奥氏体含量显著提高,材料的塑性及冲击性能均明显增高,但强度有所降低。     

稀土Y对气雾化制备PH13-8Mo钢粉末特性的影响

摘要：研究了不同含量的稀土Y对选区激光熔化技术(SLM)用PH13 8Mo钢粉末特性的影响，并通过Thermo-Calc热力学软件、粉体综合特性测试仪、霍尔流速计、激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜和电子探针等方法对不同Y含量的PH13-8Mo钢粉末特性的变化规律进行研究。结果表明，随着金属粉末中Y含量的增加，金属粉末的松装密度从3.73提高到3.93g/cm3，50g粉末的自由流动时间从25.44减小到25.11s，粉末的流动性变好。同时，PH13 8Mo钢粉末的平均粒径从37.29减小到30.99μm，粉末的粒度分布区间变窄。研究还发现，不含Y的PH13-8Mo钢粉末的组织由树枝晶和等轴晶组成，而Y质量分数为0.080%的PH13 8Mo钢粉末的组织均由等轴晶组成。综上，在PH13.8Mo钢粉末中加入稀土Y，粉末的特性得到优化。     

Distortions and tensile properties of 15-5PH steel cylinders with EBW and heat treatment

15-5PH steel is one of the martensitic precipitation-hardened stainless steels, which is extensively applied in the aero shafts, and electron beam welding is a significant procedure to manufacture the parts. To verify the dimension accuracies and properties, EBW with oscillation was employed on the cylinders of 15-5PH steel. The welding distortions were measured, and the microstructures and tensile properties of the joints were investigated. The weld appearances of the cylinders were smooth, and the morphology was parallel. After EBW, the shrinkages of the cylinders were above ?0.22?mm, and the welding distortions were ?0.66 to ?1.1‰, and the straightnesses were less than 1‰ due to the distortions. The martensites and a few austenites were in the welds of the cylinders after heat treatment, and the microhardnesses in the welds were 445 HV0.2, which were bigger and more homogeneous than those of the as-welded. The tensile strength and yield strength of the joints were respectively 1300 and 1150?MPa, which were higher than those of the as-welded joints, and the elongation rate of the joints was 10%. The microstructures and properties of the cylinders conformed to the aero shafts, which was attributed to the microstructure transformation with oscillation EBW and heat treatment.     

生态混凝土在护坡中的应用

文章介绍了生态绿色混凝土在水利工程中应用并对原材料的选择,配合比的确定,混凝土搅拌、运输、浇筑的施工控制进行了探讨。