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1.
对英国食品每日摄入量指南(GDAs)标签开展案例研究,结果发现,GDAs标签从包装背面标签转为FOP标签,实施已有20年以上。该标签采用特定营养素体系度量法模型,显示每份食品能量、糖、脂肪、饱和脂肪、盐的含量及其每日参考摄入量占比,既没有颜色编码又没有形象的图标显示,且实施效果不如多数FOP标签。对此,中国可考虑将营养成分表信息以食品份量单位直观显示在包装正面,方便消费者关注与理解。 相似文献
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焦炉生产是典型的大惯性、非线性、时变快的复杂系统,以“火落温度”为基础的焦炉前反馈热工控制系统,通过立火道温度自动测量与人工测温相关性分析、粗煤气温度测量与火落判断、标准温度的优化等运行实践,达到了自动火落时间判断、标准温度指导、加热和燃烧优化、高低温炉号判别等目的,对于稳定炉温、降低回炉煤气消耗、提高焦炭质量以及推进焦化企业技术进步具有重要意义。 相似文献
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The flame front deformation instability of low-velocity filtration combustion within an inert packed bed is studied based on the initial preheating non-uniformity. Based on the experimental phenomena, an initial thermal perturbation model is numerically proposed so as to predict the deformation behaviors of the flame front instabilities. The numerical prediction indicates that the assumption of an initial thermal perturbation is a feasible explanation as the cause of the flame front inclination instability. As the initial thermal perturbation increases, the phenomena of the flame front break and shrinking instabilities could easily occur at high filtration velocity or low equivalence ratio. Moreover, the evolutions of the flame front break rate and the shrinking rate are quantitatively analyzed. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2020,45(39):20426-20435
This paper investigated the hydrogen enriched methane/air flames diluted with CO2. The turbulent premixed flame was stabilized on a Bunsen type burner and the two dimensional instantaneous OH profile was measured by Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). The flame front structure characteristics were obtained by extracting the flame front from OH-PLIF images. And the turbulence-flame interaction was analyzed through the statistic parameters. The role of hydrogen addition as well as CO2 dilution on the features of turbulent flame were revealed by those parameters. In this work, hydrogen fractions of 0, 0.2 and CO2 dilution ratios of 0, 0.05 and 0.1 were studied. Results showed that hydrogen addition can enhance turbulent burning velocity ST/SL through decreasing the scale of the finer structure of the wrinkled flame front, caused by the smaller flame instability scale. In contrast, CO2 dilution decreased turbulent burning velocity ST/SL due to its inactive response to turbulence perturbation and larger flame wrinkles. For all flames, the probability density function (PDF) profile of the local curvature radius R shows a bias to positive value, resulted from the flame intrinsic instability. The PDF profile of R decreases with CO2 dilution, while the value of local curvature radius corresponding to the peak PDF is larger. This indicates that larger wrinkles structure was generated due to CO2 dilution, which leads to the decrease in ST/SL as a consequence. Hydrogen addition increases the flame volume and results in more intense combustion. CO2 dilution has a decrease effect on flame volume for both XH2 = 0 and XH2 = 0.2 while the decrease is obvious at XH2 = 0.2, ZCO2 = 0.1. In all, hydrogen enrichment improves the combustion while CO2 can moderate combustion. Therefore, adding hydrogen and CO2 in natural gas can be a potential method for adjusting the combustion intensity in combustion chamber during the combustor design. 相似文献
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文章介绍了新加坡较健康选择标志系统基本情况,从规格与使用要求、申请程序、适用范围等进行阐述,指出新加坡作为第一个实施食品FOP标签系统的亚洲国家,其经验做法对中国乃至多数亚洲国家有重要借鉴意义,中国FOP标签系统应具有充分的依据,严格规范申请和使用行为并适度扩大应用范围。 相似文献
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User's choices involve habitual behavior and genuine decision. Habitual behavior is often expressed using preferences. In a multiattribute case, the Conditional Preference Network (CP-net) is a graphical model to represent user's conditional ceteris paribus (all else being equal) preference statements. Indeed, the CP-net induces a strict partial order over the outcomes. By contrast, we argue that genuine decisions are environmentally influenced and introduce the notion of “comfort” to represent this type of choices. In this article, we propose an extension of the CP-net model that we call the CP-net with Comfort (CPC-net) to represent a user's comfort with preferences. Given that preference and comfort might be two conflicting objectives, we define the Pareto optimality of outcomes when achieving outcome optimization with respect to a given CPC-net. Then, we propose a backtrack search algorithm to find the Pareto optimal outcomes. On the other hand, two outcomes can stand in one of six possible relations with respect to a CPC-net. The exact relation can be obtained by performing dominance testing in the corresponding CP-net and comparing the numeric comforts. 相似文献
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This paper tests whether or not adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) has offset agglomeration benefits and led to more dispersed spatial structures worldwide. The paper returns to Ioannides et al. (2008) and confirms, first by relying on the Pareto (Zipf) coefficient of the city size distribution as a proxy of spatial dispersion, that the diffusion of fixed telephony has caused more dispersed urban structures worldwide, in other words, greater urban decentralization. Similar causal effects are established for mobile telephony, which are novel, and the internet, which extend previous research. They are confirmed for such alternative measures of dispersion as the Gini coefficient, the Herfindahl index, and the coefficient of variation. 相似文献
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目的 搭建电铸应力实时检测平台,评估其测量精度,并探明电化学沉积过程中镍层平均内应力的变化规律。方法 采用横向剪切波前传感器搭建电铸应力实时检测平台,通过测量在铸层应力作用下电铸基底弯曲的曲率半径,利用Stoney公式计算铸层平均应力。采用参考球面反射镜评估横向剪切波前传感器曲率半径的测量精度,并在0.5 A/dm2电流密度下进行电铸应力实时检测实验,对铸层平均应力测量极限进行评估,同时对检测误差进行分析。结果 横向波前传感器曲率半径测量精度为99.22%,在0.5 A/dm2电流密度下,所搭建的铸层应力实时检测平台可测量的最小厚度为5.1 μm,由曲率测量波动带来的应力检测误差为1.3 MPa。实验测得铸层平均应力随铸层厚度的增加而变大,当铸层厚度达到30 μm左右,铸层平均应力趋于稳定,应力大小为79.7 MPa。同时发现,当铸层厚度小于30 μm时,沿电铸基底长度方向的铸层平均应力明显大于宽度方向铸层平均应力,随铸层厚度的增加,两个方向的应力大小趋于等值。结论 采用横向剪切波前传感器搭建的电铸应力检测平台,能有效对铸层应力进行高精度的实时测量,为精密电铸过程中应力变化规律的研究提供了检测技术基础。 相似文献