Comparative analysis on performance of vertical drain improved clay deposit under vacuum or surcharge loading

This paper presents two well-instrumented large-scale field tests of PVD-improved soft soil with vacuum and surcharge preloading, respectively. The two large-scale field tests were conducted adjacent to each other with the same preload. A comparative analysis was performed to investigate the performance of subsoil (i.e., the ground settlement, the layered settlement, the lateral displacement of subsoil and pore water pressure) under vacuum preloading and equivalent surcharge preloading. Some design methods were verified based on the field data. Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) and Vane Shear Tests (VST) were conducted to assess the improvement effects on subsoil after preloading. The results showed that as compared with surcharge preloading, vacuum preloading mitigated the differential settlement of the ground. The vacuum pressure transmitted into the soil with a minor loss through the PVD length. From a practical point of view, the improvement effects by vacuum preloading and surcharge preloading were similar in terms of influence depth and soil strength based on the in-situ tests.     

电力系统自动化发展方向分析

计算机技术、控制技术及信息技术的发展,电力系统自动化面临着空前的变革,多媒体技术、智能控制技术将迅速进入电力系统自动化领域。     

Effect of surcharge loading rate and mobilized load ratio on the performance of vacuum–surcharge preloading with PVDs

The results from three laboratory model tests performed under various vacuum and surcharge loads with PVDs are reported. Different SLRs were adopted to investigate the effect on the consolidation of dredged soil. To measure the lateral displacement, a refitted inclinometer was developed and tested. In the tests, the settlement, lateral displacement, and vane shear strength were measured, and the degree of consolidation (DOC), horizontal coefficient of consolidation (C_h), and bearing capacity were calculated. The results indicate that larger SLR values promote consolidation. The largest vane shear strength, settlement, and C_h values were all obtained under the highest SLR, and the bearing capacity under this SLR was more than double that under the lowest SLR. The DOC was found to increase with the growth of the SLR. However, considering the vacuum pressure was higher in Case-III, the influence of SLR on reinforcement effect may not be so significant.     

Method for calculating horizontal drain induced non-linear and large strain degree of consolidation

Consolidating dredged clay slurries using a combination of vacuum pressure and prefabricated horizontal drains (PHDs) is widely used in practice. This is a large strain problem, but there is no existing large strain theory for PHD induced consolidation. A method with explicit equations has been proposed to consider both mechanical and geometrical non-linearities in analyzing PHD induced consolidation. The method considers stepwise variation of properties using imaginary time concept. An imaginary time is determined by the condition of continuity of degree of consolidation before and after changing the properties. Then the method was applied to analyze a large scale model test of vacuum consolidation with PHD. Two analyses were conducted. One considered both the mechanical and geometrical non-linearity (large strain), and another only considered mechanical non-linearity (small strain). The results of large strain analysis agree with the measured settlement curve and excess pore pressures well. While the small strain analysis under-estimated the rate of consolidation significantly. The results from this study indicate that for analyzing PHD induced consolidation of clay slurries considering the effect of large strain is important, and the proposed method can be a useful design tool.     

Perception of cabin air quality in airline crew related to air humidification, on intercontinental flights

The influence of air humidification in aircraft, on perception of cabin air quality among airline crew (N = 71) was investigated. In-flight investigations were performed in the forward part and in the aft part on eight intercontinental flights with one Boeing 767 individually, equipped with an evaporation humidifier combined with a dehumidifying unit, to reduce accumulation of condensed water in the wall construction. Four flights had the air humidification active when going out, and turned off on the return flight. The four others had the inverse humidification sequence. The sequences were randomized, and double blind. Air humidification increased relative air humidity (RH) by 10% in forward part, and by 3% in aft part of the cabin and in the cockpit. When the humidification device was active, the cabin air was perceived as being less dry (P = 0.008), and fresher (P = 0.002). The mean concentration of viable bacteria (77-108 cfu/m(3)), viable molds (74-84 cfu/m(3)), and respirable particles (1-8 microg/m3) was low, both during humidified and non-humidified flights. On flights with air humidification, there were less particles in the forward part of the aircraft (P = 0.01). In conclusion, RH can be slightly increased by using ceramic evaporation humidifier, without any measurable increase of microorganisms in cabin air. The cabin air quality was perceived as being better with air humidification. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION: Relative air humidity is low (10-20%) during intercontinental flights, and can be increased by using ceramic evaporation humidifier, without any measurable increase of microorganism in cabin air. Air humidification could increase the sensation of better cabin air quality.     

220kV丽江变电所注浆加固地基失败原因探讨

由于注浆加固软土层是挤密、劈裂、渗透的复合过程,因而采用传统、单一的渗透注浆理论来计算与实际情况有较大的偏差.把软土体看作遵循Tresca屈服准则的理想弹塑体,同时结合浆液的柱状扩散情况,利用圆筒形扩张理论来计算浆液扩散半径和注浆压力.并以220kV丽江变电所注浆加固地基为例,分析其注浆失败的原因.     

某变电站主控楼开裂原因分析

利用有限元方法 ,对某变电站主控楼进行分析 ,通过分析结果与实际检测结果的对比 ,确定导致本结构变形、破坏以及裂缝产生的原因。结果表明 ,裂缝产生的主要原因是地基的沉降变形 ,导致框架变形 ,填充墙体产生干缩变形 ,建筑物开裂。     

新型智能预装式变电站状态评价关键参量研究

研究了预装式变电站主要设备的关键状态参量,建立了配电变压器状态评价模型,利用状态评价模型进行了实例分析,给出了分析结果。     

基于预制平衡孔的转子精密平衡校正方法研究

转子类零件平衡校正通常是先经动平衡检测后,再在转子重心区域去重校正。由于传统钻削或铣削机械去重质量难以精确控制,致使转子平衡精度低、生产效率低。为了解决以上技术难点,基于预制平衡孔思路提出了一次增重精密平衡校正新方法。即在转子设计制造过程中,在转子上先提前设置N个圆周均布平衡孔;经转子动平衡测试后,确定其中两个平衡孔为配重孔;再利用平面平衡力系方程,计算出两个配重物质量;最后利用天平精密称取配重物,分别组装到两个配重孔中即可。该方法只需精密称量一次增重组装即完成转子精密平衡校正,不需要再进行钻削或铣削去重,易于实现量化生产。经超硬磨料高速砂轮平衡校正试验测试,证明其平衡校正效果明显。     

Fully coupled analysis of consolidation by prefabricated vertical drains with applications of constant strain rate tests: Case studies and an open-source program

The paper proposes a new approach to use measured data of the constant strain rate test (CRST) for analysis of consolidation by prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). Each PVD has an influence zone that idealised as a unit cell. Consolidation behaviour of a unit cell is studied with an axisymmetric finite element (FE) model based on Biot's theory. From a CRST data, ASTM-D4186 or the back-analysis method is used to obtain stress-dependent parameters for the model. An open-source FE software named CONAXIS was developed for these purposes. Data from two projects in Mekong Delta Vietnam were used in this study. In the first project, nine CRSTs with various depths from a borehole were conducted. Two tests were chosen to be simulated using the proposed approach implemented in CONAXIS and the soft soil model in PLAXIS for validation and comparison purposes. Comparing to the laboratory data, CONAXIS gave more accurate results than PLAXIS. Then CONAXIS was used to calculate the settlement of the ground surface during the construction process with different scenarios. For the second project, six CRSTs from three boreholes were used to set up the model in CONAXIS. Modelled results of both projects showed good agreements with field monitoring data.