全文获取类型
收费全文 | 138190篇 |
免费 | 9246篇 |
国内免费 | 5730篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 6245篇 |
技术理论 | 6篇 |
综合类 | 10778篇 |
化学工业 | 22549篇 |
金属工艺 | 7510篇 |
机械仪表 | 4395篇 |
建筑科学 | 6982篇 |
矿业工程 | 2793篇 |
能源动力 | 4117篇 |
轻工业 | 14867篇 |
水利工程 | 2985篇 |
石油天然气 | 5577篇 |
武器工业 | 987篇 |
无线电 | 11572篇 |
一般工业技术 | 19602篇 |
冶金工业 | 5426篇 |
原子能技术 | 2741篇 |
自动化技术 | 24034篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 111篇 |
2023年 | 1546篇 |
2022年 | 2654篇 |
2021年 | 3959篇 |
2020年 | 3117篇 |
2019年 | 2885篇 |
2018年 | 3070篇 |
2017年 | 2720篇 |
2016年 | 3919篇 |
2015年 | 5030篇 |
2014年 | 7163篇 |
2013年 | 8270篇 |
2012年 | 6921篇 |
2011年 | 7017篇 |
2010年 | 5627篇 |
2009年 | 7005篇 |
2008年 | 7185篇 |
2007年 | 8775篇 |
2006年 | 8472篇 |
2005年 | 7053篇 |
2004年 | 5433篇 |
2003年 | 5312篇 |
2002年 | 4728篇 |
2001年 | 3422篇 |
2000年 | 3593篇 |
1999年 | 3359篇 |
1998年 | 2726篇 |
1997年 | 2553篇 |
1996年 | 2781篇 |
1995年 | 2880篇 |
1994年 | 2686篇 |
1993年 | 1622篇 |
1992年 | 1645篇 |
1991年 | 1148篇 |
1990年 | 891篇 |
1989年 | 772篇 |
1988年 | 718篇 |
1987年 | 428篇 |
1986年 | 290篇 |
1985年 | 455篇 |
1984年 | 497篇 |
1983年 | 501篇 |
1982年 | 397篇 |
1981年 | 460篇 |
1980年 | 322篇 |
1979年 | 174篇 |
1978年 | 152篇 |
1977年 | 100篇 |
1976年 | 83篇 |
1975年 | 88篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(87):36926-36952
The ohmic resistance in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) mainly comes from the electrolyte, which can be reduced by developing novel electrolyte materials with higher ionic conductivity and/or fabricating thin-film electrolytes. Among various kinds of thin-film fabrication technology, the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method can reduce the electrolyte thickness to a few micrometers and mitigate the issues associated with high-temperature sintering, which is necessary for wet ceramic methods. This review summarizes recent development progress in thin-film electrolytes fabricated by the PVD method, especially pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering. At first, the importance of the substrate surface morphology for the quality of the film is emphasized. After that, the fabrication of thin-film doped-zirconia and doped-ceria electrolytes is presented, then we provide a brief summary of the works on other types of electrolytes prepared by PVD. Finally, we have come to the summary and made perspectives. 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(61):25595-25607
Electrolysis of water for producing hydrogen instead of traditional fossil fuels is one of the most promising methods to alleviate environmental pollution and energy crisis. In this work, Fe and F ion co-doped Ni3S2 nanoarrays grown on Ni foam substrate were prepared by typical hydrothermal and sulfuration processes for the first time. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrate that the adsorption energy of the material to water is greatly enhanced due to the doping of F and Fe, which is conducive to the formation of intermediate species and the improvement of electrochemical performance of the electrode. The adsorption energy of anions (F and S) and cations (Fe and Ni) to water in each material was also calculated, and the results showed that F ion showed the most optimal adsorption energy of water, which proved that the doping of F and Fe was beneficial to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrode. It is worth noting that the surface of Fe–F–Ni3S2 material will undergo reconstruction during the process of water oxidation reaction and urea oxidation reaction, and amorphous oxides or hydroxides in situ would be formed on the surface of electrode, which are the real active species. 相似文献
4.
某铅锌矿原矿铅含量为1.26%,含锌6.53%,含硫30.38%。生产上采用“铅锌依次优先浮选-中矿顺序返回”工艺流程,生产指标为铅精矿铅品位50.69%,含锌12.61%,铅回收率75.53%,锌精矿锌品位48.77%,含铅1.59%,锌回收率73.91%。铅锌互含较高,锌精矿指标不理想。为了解决该问题,本文在了解现场生产工艺流程及矿石性质的基础上,针对该铅锌矿开展了详细的选矿工艺优化试验,通过对部分药剂制度进行优化,采用特效捕收剂BK-LY11,同时在锌浮选回路采用中矿再磨工艺,显著改善了铅锌互含情况,有效提高了铅锌选别指标,并成功应用于生产实践,优化后获得的铅、锌回收率分别提高了5.83、8.46个百分点。 相似文献
5.
6.
本文以工业纯铝和混合稀土RE(Ce和La)为原料,制备出Al-8RE、Al-10RE和Al-15RE中间合金,并探讨了Al-RE中间合金对变形铝合金3102的细化机理。结果表明:Al-RE中间合金由α-Al、Al11RE3(Al11Ce3和Al11La3)、Ce和La组成,不同稀土含量Al-RE中间合金微观组织形貌不同,Al-8RE、Al-10RE和Al-15RE中间合金组织分别为亚共晶组织,伪共晶组织和过共晶组织,随稀土含量增加,Al-RE中间合金中Al11RE3相数量增多,尺寸增大;Al-RE中间合金对3102合金具有显著的细化效果,其中Al-10RE中间合金的细化效果最好;添加Al-RE中间合金可以提高产品性能,当添加10%RE时,性能提升最大。 相似文献
7.
采用2mT低磁场(low magnetic field,LMF)冷冻、0mT磁场(no magnetic field,NMF)冷冻和常规冷冻(conventional freezing,CF)技术对3 组鲢鱼肌原纤维蛋白进行为期28 d的冷冻实验。通过表面疏水性、巯基含量、溶解度、浊度、热稳定性、傅里叶变换红外光谱、内源性荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱各项指标考察蛋白的结构和功能性质变化。结果表明:施加低磁场冷冻可以抑制蛋白聚集和内部疏水基团的暴露,且能抑制α-螺旋的展开,减弱α-螺旋向β-折叠转变的能力,并维持良好的二、三级结构稳定性;CF组的蛋白总巯基含量、溶解度和浊度与NMF组相比无显著差异,由于冷冻温度较低,对蛋白聚集和内部疏水基团的暴露有一定的抑制作用,同时也使得蛋白结构变得松散不稳定;与CF组相比,LMF组同样显示出对蛋白的结构和功能有较好的保护和改善作用。总体来说,低磁场冷冻可以抑制肌原纤维蛋白变性并维持良好的结构和功能,且与常规冷冻(-30 ℃)相比,低磁场冷冻(-20 ℃、2 mT)可以节约10 ℃的冷冻温差,预测其具有一定的节能潜力。 相似文献
8.
以青海的黑枸杞为主要原料,以植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)为发酵菌种,制备黑枸杞乳酸菌饮料,并采用单因素试验和响应面试验优化其发酵工艺条件。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺条件为固液比1∶25(g∶mL),植物乳杆菌接种量2.0%,发酵时间6 h,装液量40%。在此最佳条件下,黑枸杞乳酸菌饮料感官评分为9.3分,总糖含量为0.17 mg/mL,总酸含量为1.69 g/L,花青素含量为52.75 mg/L、总黄酮含量为0.07 mg/mL、总酚含量为0.99 mg/mL。 相似文献
9.
Muhammad Yazid Samatra Nor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd Noor Umi Hartina Mohamad Razali Jamilah Bakar Sharifudin Md. Shaarani 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2022,21(4):3153-3176
Gelatin is one of the most important multifunctional biopolymers and is widely used as an essential ingredient in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. Porcine gelatin is regarded as the leading source of gelatin globally then followed by bovine gelatin. Porcine sources are favored over other sources since they are less expensive. However, porcine gelatin is religiously prohibited to be consumed by Muslims and the Jewish community. It is predicted that the global demand for gelatin will increase significantly in the future. Therefore, a sustainable source of gelatin with efficient production and free of disease transmission must be developed. The highest quality of Bovidae-based gelatin (BG) was acquired through alkaline pretreatment, which displayed excellent physicochemical and rheological properties. The utilization of mammalian- and plant-based enzyme significantly increased the gelatin yield. The emulsifying and foaming properties of BG also showed good stability when incorporated into food and pharmaceutical products. Manipulation of extraction conditions has enabled the development of custom-made gelatin with desired properties. This review highlighted the various modifications of extraction and processing methods to improve the physicochemical and functional properties of Bovidae-based gelatin. An in-depth analysis of the crucial stage of collagen breakdown is also discussed, which involved acid, alkaline, and enzyme pretreatment, respectively. In addition, the unique characteristics and primary qualities of BG including protein content, amphoteric property, gel strength, emulsifying and viscosity properties, and foaming ability were presented. Finally, the applications and prospects of BG as the preferred gelatin source globally were outlined. 相似文献
10.
Alexander Van-Brunt Patrick E. Farrell Charles W. Monroe 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(5):e17599
We present the Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell thermodiffusion equations, which account for the Soret and Dufour effects in multicomponent fluids. Unlike transport laws derived from kinetic theory, this framework preserves the structure of the isothermal Stefan–Maxwell equations, separating the thermodynamic forces that drive diffusion from the force that drives heat flow. The Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell transport-coefficient matrix is symmetric, and the second law of thermodynamics imbues it with simple spectral characteristics. This new approach allows for heat to be considered as a pseudo-species and proves equivalent to both the intuitive extension of Fick's law and the generalized Stefan–Maxwell equations popularized by Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot. A general inversion process facilitates the unique formulation of flux-explicit transport equations relative to any choice of convective reference velocity. Stefan–Maxwell diffusivities and thermal diffusion factors are tabulated for gaseous mixtures containing helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon. The framework is deployed to perform numerical simulations of steady three-dimensional thermodiffusion in a ternary gas. 相似文献