基于MDA数据库开发方法研究

随着数据库规模的不断扩大,传统的基于E-R模型的数据库设计方法显得过于繁琐,且不能自动适应数据库平台的变更.为了解决上述问题,提出了利用模型驱动体系(MDA)开发数据库的新方法.介绍了MDA的基本概念、基于MDA开发过程等;重点研究了基于UML数据库平台无关模型(PIM)、平台相关模型(PSM)等模型的建模方法以及基于查询、视图和变换语言(QVT)的模型变换方法;并借助MDA工具,将该方法成功运用于实际的数据库开发活动之中.实践证明,基于MDA数据库开发方法是规范数据库开发过程、提高数据库开发效率和可重用性的有效途径.     

扩展QVT Relations实现业务流程模型的转换

QVT(Query/View/Transformation)Relations无法描述包含嵌套模式,因此在描述流程模型的转换规则时存在一些困难.针对此问题,对QVT Relations 进行了扩展,引入了模式因子、嵌套关系表达式和关联端约束这3个概念,并讨论了扩充之后匹配模型和创建模型的语义变化.并用一个例子展示,扩展...     

Refactoring OCL annotated UML class diagrams

Refactoring of UML class diagrams is an emerging research topic and heavily inspired by refactoring of program code written in object-oriented implementation languages. Current class diagram refactoring techniques concentrate on the diagrammatic part but neglect OCL constraints that might become syntactically incorrect by changing the underlying class diagram. This paper formalizes the most important refactoring rules for class diagrams and classifies them with respect to their impact on attached OCL constraints. For refactoring rules that have an impact on OCL constraints, we formalize the necessary changes of the attached constraints. Our refactoring rules are specified in a graph-grammar inspired formalism. They have been implemented as QVT transformation rules. We finally discuss for our refactoring rules the problem of syntax preservation and show, by using the KeY-system, how this can be resolved.     

一种模型转换的编织框架

模型转换是MDA(model driven architecture)的核心技术之一,也是目前MDA研究的热点.目前,MDA范畴内存在多种模型转换方法和工具,它们之间的异构性造成了模型转换代码重用的困难,并使学习和使用模型转换方法的成本增加.受到模型编织技术的启发,提出了一种基于QVT(model query/view/transformation)规范的模型转换编织框架QMTW(QVT-based model transformation weaving framework)来解决以上缺点.展示了模型转换编织的概念、语义、元模型和语法,以及到目标语言的转换定义,并以一个具体实例说明了本框架的使用方法和优点.QMTW提高了模型转换的抽象层次,统一了多种模型转换语言,并支持OMG最新的模型转换规范,在一定程度上消除了模型转换技术的异构性,同时具有简单、规范、扩展性强3个优点.     

Automated transformations from UML behavior models to contracts

In model driven architecture （MDA）, system requirements are first captured by UML （unified mod- eling language） use cases with sequence diagrams to describe their intended use and implemented by classes of objected-oriented languages in the subsequent design stages. It is important that the dynamic behavior specified by the sequence diagrams is in full compliance with the implementation classes. This paper proposes an auto- matic approach and tool support for generating class contracts, which define a precondition and a postcondition for each operation of the class. The former serves as a guard to ensure invocations of the operations respect the semantics introduced by the sequence diagrams, and the latter places the system in a legal state to facilitate the succeeding operation calls. The contracts can be easily mapped to code of an object-oriented language such as Java. Thus, the approach helps to bridge the gap between the requirements and design stages of system development process. We use our model transformation tool to first generate a UML protocol state machine from the sequence diagrams, and then derive the contracts for a controller class. The transformations take into account the concurrency and critical constructs of the respective UML diagrams.     

Semantics of OCL specified with QVT

The Object Constraint Language (OCL) has been for many years formalized both in its syntax and semantics in the language standard. While the official definition of OCL’s syntax is already widely accepted and strictly supported by most OCL tools, there is no such agreement on OCL’s semantics, yet. In this paper, we propose an approach based on metamodeling and model transformations for formalizing the semantics of OCL. Similarly to OCL’s official semantics, our semantics formalizes the semantic domain of OCL, i.e. the possible values to which OCL expressions can evaluate, by a metamodel. Contrary to OCL’s official semantics, the evaluation of OCL expressions is formalized in our approach by model transformations written in QVT. Thanks to the chosen format, our semantics definition for OCL can be automatically transformed into a tool, which evaluates OCL expressions in a given context. Our work on the formalization of OCL’s semantics resulted also in the identification and better understanding of important semantic concepts, on which OCL relies. These insights are of great help when OCL has to be tailored as a constraint language of a given DSL. We show on an example, how the semantics of OCL has to be redefined in order to become a constraint language in a database domain.

基于OCL的模型转换语言应用研究

模型转换语言是实施MDA的关键,在整个MDA体系中必须要有明确完备的转换语言.首先对模型转换语言的特性和现有的主要模型转换语言进行了简要的说明和分析,然后对对象约束语言（OCL）作为模型转换语言进行理论相关分析.在分析的基础上,提出了对对象约束语言进行扩展,最后提出了一个基于对象约束语言的模型转换框架.     

一种支持MDA的UML类图到RDB模型的转换方法

UML被MDA用来描述各种模型,成为建模语言事实上的标准。但是,由于UML类图中缺少对关系数据库的实现的约束,使得类图转换到的关系数据库模型不唯一,不能充分体现设计者对数据库的设计意图。这不利于MDA中PIM模型和关系PSM模型的双向转换。为解决以上问题,本文提出一种通过添加构造型和OCL约束来扩展UML类图的方法,以加强类图中数据之间的关系及约束,使PIM模型能够唯一地转换到PSM模型。最后,采用QVT模型转换方法将扩展后的UML类图转换到关系数据库模型,并结合例子给出了UML类图的关联、继承、组合和聚合关系等到关系数据库模型的转换规则和方法。利用本方法可以使UML类图到关系数据库模型的转换结果唯一。     

Model transformations and tool integration

Model transformations are increasingly recognised as being of significant importance to many areas of software development and integration. Recent attention on model transformations has particularly focused on the OMGs Queries/Views/Transformations (QVT) Request for Proposals (RFP). In this paper I motivate the need for dedicated approaches to model transformations, particularly for the data involved in tool integration, outline the challenges involved, and then present a number of technologies and techniques which allow the construction of flexible, powerful and practical model transformations.     

Tool Integration with Triple Graph Grammars - A Survey

Nowadays, typical software and system engineering projects in various industrial sectors (automotive, telecommunication, etc.) involve hundreds of developers using quite a number of different tools. Thus, the data of a project as a whole is distributed over these tools. Therefore, it is necessary to make the relationships of different tool data repositories visible and keep them consistent with each other. This still is a nightmare due to the lack of domain-specific adaptable tool and data integration solutions which support maintenance of traceability links, semi-automatic consistency checking as well as update propagation. Currently used solutions are usually hand-coded one-way transformations between pairs of tools. In this article we present a rule-based approach that allows for the declarative specification of data integration rules. It is based on the formalism of triple graph grammars and uses directed graphs to represent MOF-compliant (meta) models. As a result we give an answer to OMG's request for proposals for a MOF-compliant “queries, views, and transformation” (QVT) approach from the “model driven application development” (MDA) field.