充气膜承冰壳结构形态设计及其建造实践

充气膜承冰壳结构是通过对充气 膜喷溅液体材料，待其凝结成型后撤除充气 膜形成的冰壳结构，该技术始于20世纪40年 代的充气膜承薄壳混凝土结构。文章通过比 对混凝土薄壳和冰壳的差异性，梳理充气膜 承薄壳结构的发展主线，对其形态设计方法 进行总结。结合“2017哈尔滨国际冰雪建造 节”相关建造实践，从施工方案的拟定与实 践、施工材料的选择与工艺以及施工工法的 对比与分析三方面对充气膜承冰壳结构形态 设计与建造实践进行总结与备忘，并对其后 期维护相关条件与技术进行讨论。     

Numerical evaluation on shell buckling of empty thin-walled steel tanks under wind load according to current American and European design codes

Liquid storage steel tanks are vertical above-ground cylindrical shells and as typical thin-walled structures, they are very sensitive to buckling under wind loads, especially when they are empty or at low liquid level. Previous studies revealed discrepancies in buckling resistance of empty tanks between the design method proposed by the American Standard API 650 and the analytical formulas recommended by the European Standard EN1993-1-6 and EN1993-4-2. This study presents a comparison between the provisions of current design codes by performing all types of numerical buckling analyses recommended by Eurocodes (i.e. LBA-linear elastic bifurcation analysis, GNA-geometrically nonlinear elastic analysis of the perfect tank and GNIA-geometrically nonlinear elastic analysis of the imperfect tank). Such analyses are performed in order to evaluate the buckling resistance of two existing thin-walled steel tanks, with large diameters and variable wall thickness. In addition, a discussion is unfolded about the differences between computational and analytical methods and the conservatism that the latter method imposes. An influence study on the geometric imperfections and the boundary conditions is also conducted. Investigation on the boundary conditions at the foot of the tank highlights the sensitivity to the fixation of the vertical translational degree of freedom. Further, it is indicated that the imperfection magnitude recommended by the EN1993-1-6 is extremely unfavorable when applied to large diameter tanks. Comments and conclusions achieved could be helpful in order to evaluate the safety of the current design codes and shed more light towards the most accurate one.     

Stress-deformable state of isotropic double curved shell with internal cracks and a circular hole

This work is devoted to the stress–strain state of isotropic double curved shell with defect system. The construction is weakened by two non-through thickness (internal) cracks of different length and by a circular hole located between cracks. In this study we use the line-spring model. Within the framework of this model cracks are modeled as mathematical cuts of shell’s middle surface. This leads to a two-dimensional problem. The problem is reduced to a system of eight boundary integral equations. To ensure the uniqueness of solution an additional equation is added. In the numerical solution of the problem special quadrature formulas for singular integrals of Cauchy type and the finite difference method are applied. The influence of defects on each other for double curved shell has been investigated. The given theoretical results can be used for the calculation of structural elements with holes, cracks on the strength and fracture toughness in various branches of engineering.     

Four different configurations of a 5 kW class shell-and-tube methane steam reformer with a low-temperature heat source

The methane steam reforming reaction is an extremely high endothermic reaction that needs a high temperature heat source. Various fuel cell hybrid systems have been developed to improve the thermal efficiency of the entire system. This paper presents a low temperature steam reformer for those hybrid systems to maximize the utilization of energy from a low temperature waste heat source. In this study, the steam reformer has a shell and tube configuration that is divided into the following zones: the inlet heat exchanging zone, the reforming zone and the exit heat exchanging zone. Four different configurations for methane steam reformers are developed to examine the effect of heat transfer on the methane conversion performance of the low temperature steam reformer. The experimental results show that the overall heat transfer area is a critical parameter in achieving a high methane conversion rate. When the heat transfer area increases about 30%, the results showed elevated dry mole fractions of hydrogen about 3% with about 30 °C rise of reformer outlet temperature.     

壳牌气化炉激冷口盘管损坏原因分析及改进

简要介绍壳牌气化炉结构及工艺流程、激冷口结构及存在问题;分析激冷口盘管损坏原因及如何避免;检修优化及取得的效果。     

Interactive heat transfer characteristics of 5 kW class shell-and-tube methane steam reformer with intermediate temperature heat source

A 5 kW class shell and tube methane steam reformer (MSR) with intermediate temperature heat source was evaluated to find a correlation between the methane conversion and heat transfer performance. First, performance evaluation of MSR1 was conducted by varying experimental conditions such as reformer reactant flow rate, steam to carbon ratio (SCR), inlet temperature of reforming zone, and inlet temperature of heat source. Sensitivity study of overall heat transfer coefficient was also carried out to find the major parameter affecting the heat transfer. Next, the heat transfer performance and methane conversion rate of MSR1 and 2 were compared. Both reformers have the same gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) in the form of shell and tube heat exchangers, but are designed to compare the heat transfer characteristics of the reformer by designing with the different heat transfer areas. The results show that the main factors affecting the performance of the reformer are load, heat source inlet temperature, and heat transfer area.     

基于Moldflow和UG的手机前盖模具设计

根据手机前盖的结构特点和质量要求,运用Moldflow软件对产品浇注系统、冷却系统进行优化设计。通过正交试验,分析了注射工艺参数对产品体积收缩率和翘曲变形的影响规律,得到优化注射工艺方案。根据Moldflow分析结果,利用UG软件完成产品的模具设计。     

Buckling of steel shells subjected to non-uniform axial and pressure loading

The paper presents theoretical and numerical studies of the buckling of steel shells subjected simultaneously to axial and pressure loading. The type of combined non-uniform loading used for this analysis (horizontal pressure and wall frictional pressure which occurs in the silos) is given in the Eurocode 1 part 4. An Abaqus program was used to study the influence of the parameters affecting the strength of the shell. The results of this parametric study were used to develop a new semi-analytical method for the prediction of the critical stress of the stiffened and isotropic shells. The corresponding formulae are compared, in different examples of geometrical shells, with the results obtained by finite element simulation and by the formulae for buckling design given in recommendation EC3.     

带肋壳体浅圆仓的试验和FEM分析

文章通过试验和数值计算,对带肋壳体浅圆仓在自重作用下、粮压作用下的受力性能以及自振特性进行了研究。说明了带肋壳体浅圆仓受力特性,给出了仓体前15阶自振频率和部分振型图。由于结构频率分布密集,在进行反应谱计算时建议取前10阶振型进行叠加。