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1.
底板破坏深度影响底板注浆改造层位的选择,采取钻孔压水试验、声波测试、钻孔窥视3种实测技术手段,选择桑树坪煤矿下组煤3105工作面进行底板破坏深度综合测试。研究结果表明,钻孔压水试验测试显示底板破坏深度为14.9 m,声波测试显示底板破坏深度为14.7 m,钻孔窥视显示底板破坏深度为15 m,声波测试结果真实合理地反应了工作面回采过程中底板岩层应力、应变变化规律,最终综合评价3105工作面底板破坏深度为15 m,可应用于同一采区其他工作面,为底板注浆加固层位选择提供了技术参数。 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(6):5471-5492
The detection of reproductive tract disease (RTD) 3 wk postpartum is important because of its effect on subsequent reproductive outcomes. Numerous methods for the diagnosis of RTD are described, some of which are more practical and instantaneous in terms of diagnosis. Two of these methods involve identification of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and evidence of ultrasonographic uterine changes indicative of endometritis (UE). The objectives of our retrospective observational study were (1) to assess the association of PVD or UE score at the prebreeding examination (PBE) with the hazard of pregnancy within the subsequent breeding season; (2) to determine the test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) at the point of sampling of both tests using a Bayesian latent class model; and (3) to determine the effect of varying positivity thresholds on test accuracy. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed an initial data set of 5,049 PBE from 2,460 spring-calved cows in 8 herds between 2014 and 2018. Each PBE was conducted once between 25 and 86 d in milk. At each PBE, vaginal discharge was obtained with a Metricheck device (Simcro) whereas uterine contents were assessed using transrectal ultrasonography. Purulent vaginal discharge was scored on a scale of 0 to 3 depending on discharge character, and UE was scored on a scale of 0 to 4 depending on the presence and consistency of intraluminal fluid. Cows with scores of ≥2 in either test had received treatment. Fertility data were available from 4,756 PBE after data exclusion. The association between PVD or UE score at the PBE and subsequent hazard of pregnancy was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Cows with a PVD score of 2 or 3 were less likely to conceive than cows with a PVD score 0 [score 2 hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.94; score 3 HR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51–0.84]. Cows with a UE score of 1, 2, 3, or 4 were less likely to conceive than cows with a UE score of 0 (score 1 HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.93; score 2 HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.62–1.00; score 3 HR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.43–0.90; score 4 HR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.26–0.58). To determine the Se and Sp of PVD or UE score for diagnosis of RTD at the time of PBE, a Bayesian latent class model was fitted on 2,460 individual cow PBE. Flat priors were used for the Se and Sp of UE, whereas informative priors were used for PVD Se (mode = 65%, 5th percentile = 45%) and Sp (mode = 90%, 5th percentile = 80%) and RTD prevalence (mode = 20%, 5th percentile = 10%). Posterior estimates (median and 95% Bayesian probability intervals; BPI) were obtained using ‘rjags' (R Studio). The optimal test thresholds (PVD and UE score ≥1) were selected by assessing the effect of different thresholds on test estimates and using a misclassification cost analysis. Based on these, median (95% BPI) Se for PVD and UE score ≥1 were 44% (29–60%) and 67% (33–100%), respectively. Median Sp for PVD and UE score ≥1 were 90% (86–93%) and 91% (86–93%), respectively. Higher scores in both tests were associated with impaired fertility, and UE scoring with a threshold of ≥1 had the highest test Se and Sp estimates although test Se was conditional on days in milk when the PBE occurred. 相似文献
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由于海底隧道服役环境中氯离子含量高,初期支护中的工字钢将不可避免产生锈蚀,导致工字钢与混凝土黏结性能下降,严重影响海底隧道支护体系的耐久性。该研究主要目的是研究锈蚀对工字钢与混凝土界面间黏结滑移行为的影响。首先对工字形型钢混凝土试件进行加速锈蚀试验和推出试验,得到试件破坏形态及黏结滑移曲线,在此基础上分析试件的黏结滑移力学性能及其过程中能量变化。试验结果表明:①试样的破坏模式主要为劈裂破坏,其黏结滑移曲线由三段组成:直线上升段、曲线上升段、陡降段;②峰值黏结强度与其对应的峰值滑移都随锈蚀率增加呈现递减趋势;③随着锈蚀率增加,弹性能比随着锈蚀率几乎呈现线性减小,耗散能比则反之,表明工字钢的锈速率越大,其内部损伤越严重,界面储存能量效率越低。最终,采用Weibull分布损伤统计理论得到锈蚀工字钢与混凝土界面的黏结滑移退化本构,本构模型中主要考虑了锈蚀率对τ S曲线特征影响,本构试验曲线与理论曲线对比拟合较高,因此可应用于研究隧道工程中锈蚀工字钢与混凝土界面的黏结滑移问题。 相似文献
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采用Gleeble-2000热模拟试验机对Mn18Cr18N高氮奥氏体不锈钢进行高温拉伸试验,利用扫描电镜-能谱仪对拉伸试样断口形貌及断口附近的显微组织进行观察,用Thermo-Calc软件计算试验钢的相变及析出相,研究了Mn18Cr18N高氮奥氏体不锈钢的高温力学性能。结果表明,试验钢的第Ⅰ脆性区>1200 ℃,第Ⅲ脆性区为850~950 ℃,未出现第Ⅱ脆性区,第Ⅰ脆性区的出现主要是在加热过程中试验钢由γ奥氏体向δ铁素体转变引起的,第Ⅲ脆性区的出现是因为沿晶析出M23C6、M2(C, N)等硬脆相引起的;试验钢的抗拉强度随着拉伸温度升高而降低,断面收缩率在1000~1200 ℃温度范围内逐渐增大并表现出极佳的热塑性,断面收缩率均在70%以上,温度超过1200 ℃后断面收缩率急剧下降;Mn18Cr18N高氮奥氏体不锈钢的热锻温度应选择在1000~1150 ℃之间,在此温度范围内试验钢的断面收缩率均在70%以上,并且可以避开第Ⅰ与第Ⅲ脆性区。 相似文献
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《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(3):101150
The circular helicoid pile (CH pile) is a new type of special-shaped pile that has been developed in Japan and South Korea in the past decade and has been widely used in the fields of construction, transportation, natural energy and agriculture due to its excellent compressive and pullout bearing performances. Consequently, this new type of pile has good engineering application prospects. However, as an innovative engineering structure, the CH pile is not widely known by geotechnical engineers worldwide. The geometric structure of the CH pile is similar to a circular helicoid in differential geometry. Therefore, the pile-soil interaction problem cannot be reduced to a plane strain problem or an axisymmetric problem in theoretical research. In view of this, dry silica sand was used as the model foundation in this study, and a model test device and method that can effectively reflect the installation process and loading-bearing service state of CH piles were developed. Under different installation methods, pile structures and foundation soil conditions, 90 model tests were carried out to evaluate the engineering performances of CH piles during the whole process of installation and bearing, including the installation performances during the installation process, the compressive bearing performances under axial compressive loading and the pullout bearing performances under axial pullout loading. Compared with steel sheet piles and steel pipe piles, CH piles have better engineering performance and more economic benefits from the aspects of installation, construction, recycling, timeliness of engineering application, and the relative relationship between bearing capacity and pile mass. 相似文献
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以引江济淮工程膨胀土边坡表层采用的水泥改性膨胀土换填土层为研究对象,为探究各因素和水平对狗牙根的发芽、生长状况和根系展布的影响规律,以4种添加剂(泥炭、保水剂、有机肥、土壤改良剂PAM)和压实度为5个因素,各取4个水平,开展了多指标多因素正交试验。采用发芽率、生长高度、覆盖度、根系入土深度和含根量5个指标对狗牙根生长效果进行综合评价。试验结果表明:影响狗牙根生长因素的重要性由高到低依次为有机肥、压实度、保水剂、泥炭、土壤改良剂(PAM)。有机肥和泥炭含量对狗牙根生长和土壤改良具有良好的促进作用,而土壤压实度越高,狗牙根生长越差;为确保狗牙根较好生长,压实度不宜过高,建议不超过86%。对于膨胀土边坡表层采用的水泥改性膨胀土换填土层,适合狗牙根生长的最优改良方案为:泥炭掺量取9%、保水剂掺量取0.05%、有机肥掺量取1.5%、土壤改良剂(PAM)掺量取0.05%,压实度控制为66%。研究结果对引江济淮工程膨胀土地区采用水泥改性膨胀土换填土层进行生态修复具有指导意义,分析和评价方法亦可为其他区域采用水泥改性膨胀土换填土层进行生态修复提供参考。 相似文献