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排序方式: 共有1209条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为了实现低频振动的高灵敏度测量,设计了一种基于转动支撑梁的新型光纤布拉格光栅加速度计。 通过分析其振动 模型和 MATLAB 数值计算,优化了传感器的结构参数,设计传感器理论灵敏度为 1 725 pm / g,固有频率为 68. 4 Hz。 同时通 过 COMSOL 模拟分析传感器的动态特性,其模拟结果与理论分析吻合。 频响特性和幅值特性实验结果表明光纤光栅加速度 计在加速度 0 ~ 2 g、工作频率 0. 5 ~ 20 Hz 的范围内,传感器加速度特性曲线呈现良好线性关系,灵敏度高达 1 495. 2 pm / g,重 复性良好。 该传感器结构简单紧凑,轴承结构有效减少悬臂梁振动过程中的弹性能耗,可显著提高其灵敏度,能够实现低频 振动信号的探测。  相似文献   
2.
One of the most important diseases in calves worldwide is neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), which impairs calf welfare and leads to economic losses. The aim of this study was to test whether the activity patterns of calves can be used as early indicators to identify animals at risk for suffering from NCD, compared with physical examination. We monitored 310 healthy female Holstein-Friesian calves on a commercial dairy farm immediately after birth, equipped them with an ear tag–based accelerometer (Smartbow, Smartbow GmbH), and conducted daily physical examinations during the first 28 d of life. The Smartbow system captured acceleration data indicative of standing and lying periods and activity levels (active and inactive), shown as minutes per hour. We categorized calves as diarrheic if they showed fecal scores of ≥3 on a 4-point scale on at least 2 consecutive days. Incidence of diarrhea was 50.7% (n = 148). A mixed logistic regression model showed that lying [odds ratio (OR) = 1.19], inactive (OR = 1.14), and active (OR = 0.92) times, 1 d before clinical identification of diarrhea (d ?1), were associated with the odds of diarrhea occurring on the subsequent day. Receiver operating characteristics curve showed that lying time at d ?1 was a fair predictor for diarrhea on the subsequent day (area under curve = 0.69). Average lying time on d ?1 was 64.8 min longer in diarrheic calves compared with their controls. Median lying and inactive times decreased, and active time increased with age over the study period. The 24-h pattern of behavior indices based on the output of the Smartbow system followed periods of resting and active times, and showed that between 2200 h and 0600 h, calves spent the greatest percentage of time lying and inactive. These results showed that the accelerometer system has the potential to detect early indicators associated with NCD. In future studies, additional data for the development and testing of calf- and event-specific algorithms (e.g., for detecting milk intake, playing behavior) should be collected, which might further improve the early detection of diarrhea in calves.  相似文献   
3.
The objectives of this observational study were to assess the ability of automated activity monitoring (AAM) to detect estrus for first insemination, the accuracy of detection, and the optimum interval from the estrus alert from the AAM system to insemination. Four commercial farms using 1 of 2 commercial AAM systems were studied over 1 yr. Cows were inseminated between 55 and 80 d in milk (DIM) based on AAM only, then by a combination of AAM and timed artificial insemination (AI). Blood progesterone was measured in 1,014 cows at wk 5, 7, and 9 postpartum; purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) was assessed at wk 5; and lameness and BCS at wk 7. Overall, AAM detected 83% of cows in estrus by 80 DIM. Cows that had 3 serum progesterone <1 ng/mL, had PVD, or were both lame and had BCS ≤2.5 has lesser odds of being detected in estrus by 80 DIM (62, 68, and 53%, respectively). Blood samples were collected on the day of 445 AI based on AAM and 323 timed AI. The proportion of cows not in estrus (progesterone >1 ng/mL) on the day of AI was similar between AAM (4 ± 1.8%) and timed AI (3 ± 1.2%). Managers elected, based on subjective criteria, not to inseminate 17% of cows for which an AAM estrus alert was issued, of which 43% were not in estrus. Activity data were extracted from AAM software for 1,399 AI. Onset of estrus was calculated using the same or similar data processing criteria as the AAM system. Producers recorded the time of AI. The interval from onset of estrus to AI was categorized as 0 to 8, 8 to 16, or 16 to 24 h. We found no effect of AAM system on the probability of pregnancy per AI, but noted an interaction of interval with parity. For multiparous cows, the probability of pregnancy per AI was 31%, which did not differ with the interval to AI. For primiparous cows, the odds of pregnancy were greater if AI occurred 0 to 8 h (49%) than 8 to 16 (36%) or 16 to 24 h (31%) after the estrus alert from the AAM. Automated activity monitoring can detect estrus for first AI in just over the length of 1 estrous cycle for over 80% of cows, but the remainder would likely require intervention for timely insemination. For multiparous cows, performing AI based on AAM once per day would not affect pregnancy per AI, but for primiparous cows AI within 8 h of the onset of estrus may be advantageous.  相似文献   
4.
MEMS加速度计混合误差标定补偿方案   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
针对微机电系统(MEMS)加速度计在实际使用过程中存在非正交零偏误差和温度漂移误差的问题,提出了一种混合误差标定补偿算法。算法通过分析加速度计温度与误差的关系,在不同温度区间下建立加速度计输出的误差模型,在每个温度区间采用十二位置校准法对加速度计的非正交零偏误差进行标定补偿,得到精确的零偏和刻度因子,同时采用最小二乘法拟合零偏和刻度因子与温度的一维关系函数,最终实现不同温度区间下的动态误差补偿。实验结果表明,本算法可使加速度计输出的精度提高1个数量级,补偿效果明显。  相似文献   
5.
The objectives of this study were (1) to develop an algorithm for the acceleration sensor of the Smartbow Eartag (Smartbow GmbH, Weibern, Austria) to distinguish between postures (lying and standing or locomotion) and to detect 6 kinds of activities (milk intake, water intake, solid feed intake, ruminating, licking or sucking without milk intake, and other activities) in dairy calves and (2) to evaluate this sensor for identifying these behaviors in dairy calves compared with observations from video. Accelerometers were applied to the left ears of 15 preweaned Holstein dairy calves. Calves were kept in a group pen and received milk replacer from an automatic calf feeder. Based on 38 h of acceleration data and video observation, an algorithm was established to detect the predefined behaviors. Using cross-validation, video recordings were used to analyze whether a behavior was detected correctly by the developed algorithm. For posture, sensitivity (94.4%), specificity (94.3%), precision (95.8%), and accuracy (94.3%) were high. Cohen's kappa was calculated as 0.88. For the 6 defined activities, overall (i.e., aggregated for all activities) accuracy was 70.8% and kappa was calculated as 0.58. Some activities (e.g., ruminating, feed intake, other activities) were identified better than others. In conclusion, the developed algorithm based on the acceleration data of the Smartbow Eartag was successful in detecting lying behavior, rumination, feed intake, and other activities in calves, but further development of the underlying algorithm will be necessary to produce reliable results for milk and water intake.  相似文献   
6.
设计一种MEMS高量程压阻加速度计,利用其组成的弹体测试系统进行双层钢靶实弹侵彻试验,并获得完整的侵彻数据。利用Matlab数据处理软件对其进行处理,获得有效的侵彻数据。试验结果表明,弹体在整个发射、侵彻钢靶过程中,测试系统所测数据误差均小于10%,说明设计的MEMS高量程压阻加速度计性能稳定,可完全满足工程化应用要求,为研究双层介质侵彻特性及控制弹体在特定介质层的爆破技术提供参考依据。  相似文献   
7.
提出一种新原理的静电支撑水银加速度计,从根本上解决现有的水银加速度计量程小、测量稳定性不足等问题。采用静电支撑技术,利用电场力平衡惯性力,通过精确测量控制电压获取高精度的加速度信息。通过建模仿真,静电支撑水银加速度计的量程、线性度要高于现有的水银加速度计。这种加速度计不仅具有水银加速度计的高灵敏度、抗高过载,还具有大量程、稳定性好等优点,对高性能惯导中的加速度测量具有不可替代的作用。  相似文献   
8.
随着MEMS加速度传感器技术的发展与大规模应用,为多维度位移测量提供了技术手段.根据MEMS加速度传感器所具有的高精度、高可靠性等技术特点,设计了一种空间结构呈线阵分布规律的、由多个MEMS加速度传感器组成的长跨度位移传感器,为大坝、边坡等大型结构体的水平位移或沉降位移监测提供了一种全新的自动化测量系统.  相似文献   
9.
高精度的误差系数可准确评价加速度计的精度与性能,从石英挠性加速度计误差模型入手,对其进行多方向振动测试试验,利用总体最小二乘(TLS)算法辨识加速度计模型方程中的高阶误差系数,建立较高精度的加速度计数学误差模型。为验证算法的有效性及所实施试验的可靠性,和传统重力场多点测试辨识加速度计参数方法作对比,同时,提出误差系数和决定系数两个指标来评价振动测试的辨识效果。结果表明:采用多方向振动测试结合总体最小二乘算法方案所辨识出加速度计高阶误系数精度较高,在实践中具有较好的借鉴意义。  相似文献   
10.
针对硅微加速度计中微小差分电容检测,提出了一种基于调制解调方法的闭环检测电路,介绍了该闭环检测系统的原理框图和实现途径。分析了基于单路载波的前置电容-电压( C-V)转换电路,证明了基于相关芯片的解调方法的有效性,其解调效率仅对开环输出有影响;基于双路反馈电路的静电力平衡回路有效提高该检测系统的线性度。结合硅微加速度计参数和电路设计参数,对加速度计系统进行了仿真,仿真结果显示系统稳定,刻度系数为0.9 V/gn 左右,带宽700 Hz左右。结合表头进行的精密转台实验结果表明该加速度计系统刻度系数0.88 V/gn,量程可达±13 gn。  相似文献   
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