High Accuracy Network Cardinalities Estimation by Step Sampling Revision on GPU

Host cardinality estimation is an important research field in network management and network security. The host cardinality estimation algorithm based on the linear estimator array is a common method. Existing algorithms do not take memory footprint into account when selecting the number of estimators used by each host. This paper analyzes the relationship between memory occupancy and estimation accuracy and compares the effects of different parameters on algorithm accuracy. The cardinality estimating algorithm is a kind of random algorithm, and there is a deviation between the estimated results and the actual cardinalities. The deviation is affected by some systematical factors, such as the random parameters inherent in linear estimator and the random functions used to map a host to different linear estimators. These random factors cannot be reduced by merging multiple estimators, and existing algorithms cannot remove the deviation caused by such factors. In this paper, we regard the estimation deviation as a random variable and proposed a sampling method, recorded as the linear estimator array step sampling algorithm (L2S), to reduce the influence of the random deviation. L2S improves the accuracy of the estimated cardinalities by evaluating and remove the expected value of random deviation. The cardinality estimation algorithm based on the estimator array is a computationally intensive algorithm, which takes a lot of time when processing high-speed network data in a serial environment. To solve this problem, a method is proposed to port the cardinality estimating algorithm based on the estimator array to the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Experiments on real-world highspeed network traffic show that L2S can reduce the absolute bias by more than 22% on average, and the extra time is less than 61 milliseconds on average.     

可燃制冷剂标准修订进展

阐述了全球各主要地区制冷剂及系统关于可燃性的安全标准的修订情况,并介绍了各国对于HCs类易可燃性制冷剂的应用态度。各国对弱可燃制冷剂的态度有所松动,但对于HCs类易燃制冷剂的应用仍有较大分歧。     

新建地区排水系统应因地制宜选用分流或合流制

提出排水制度的选择应因地制宜 ,根据各种因素综合考虑 ,而不应盲目的采用分流制。介绍了荷兰发明的合流制的优点。建议《室外排水设计规范》(GBJ 14 87)应该修正。     

应用建筑设计防火规范的商榷建议

及时、准确、协调地修订建筑设计防火规范条文是做好建筑设计安全防火工作的基础。因此 ,加强建筑设计防火规范修订工作的协调性和时效性 ,充分发挥学术团体的咨询作用具有实际意义     

The relationship between particulate air pollution and emergency hospital visits for hypertension in Beijing, China

Background

A number of epidemiological studies have examined the adverse effect of air pollution on mortality and morbidity. Also, several studies have investigated the associations between air pollution and specific-cause diseases including arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, little is known about the relationship between air pollution and the onset of hypertension.

Objective

To explore the risk effect of particulate matter air pollution on the emergency hospital visits (EHVs) for hypertension in Beijing, China.

Methods

We gathered data on daily EHVs for hypertension, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Beijing, China during 2007. A time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag model was used to evaluate associations between ambient air pollutants and hypertension. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were controlled in all models.

Results

There were 1,491 EHVs for hypertension during the study period. In single pollutant models, an increase in 10 μg/m³ in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was associated with EHVs for hypertension with odds ratios (overall effect of five days) of 1.084 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.028, 1.139) and 1.060% (95% CI: 1.020, 1.101), respectively.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of ambient particulate matters are associated with an increase in EHVs for hypertension in Beijing, China.     

城镇燃气设计规范煤制气部分的修编

分析了我国煤制气的现状，介绍了城镇燃气设计规范煤制气部分修编的主要内容。     

《无粘结预应力混凝土结构技术规程》修订简介

介绍了《无粘结预应力混凝土结构技术规程》修订的主要内容 ,包括材料及锚具系统、结构设计和施工工艺的改进和提高、新增加体外预应力混凝土梁的设计与施工、锚栓抗冲切新技术及提高无粘结预应力混凝土结构耐久性的技术措施等     

关于狭义相对论的修正以及新引力理论的方案

相对论存在一定的局限性.狭义相对论适用于电磁的相互作用.没有强有力的证据显示狭义相对论也适用于其它3种基本相互作用.至少在弱相互作用中,中微子可能是超光速粒子.物理学需采取多种时间的定义,一种推广伽利略变换的时间值得进一步研究.广义相对论很大程度上是一种数学理论.作为物理学的引力理论,它存在很多基本缺陷.检验广义相对论一些天文实验,误差很大,需要重新分析.笔者将讨论一种新引力理论的方案.它的引力场方程与电磁理论的麦克斯韦方程十分相似.     

《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》在工程运用中的问题探讨

《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》(GB50045—95)200l版是建设部于1995年颁布实施，应该说该规范对建筑工程设计起到较好的指导性作用。但是，由于本规范在全国各地真正实施的时间不到4年，其中暖通工种的强制性规范中的一些具体条文在工程实际运用中存在的一些问题已经初见弥端，在暖通工种中遇到的常见问题在规范条文中的限制进行分析和探讨，务求规范在以后的修订过程中进行改进。     

德国绿色建筑评价标准DGNB-2018版本的修订与启示

介绍德国绿色建筑评价标准2018版本的修订思路及内容,并为我国ASGB修订提供启示。从文献中搜集资料,总结归纳DGNB在德国发展概况及2018版本由来,利用纵横对比方法去解析2018版本的变化及提升条文的内容。发现该版本以经济可持续性理念进行了修订。在内容上,增加适用建筑类型、延续评价定级与阶段并调整大类指标权重与小类内容;在结构上,增加新的版块,以“以人为本、创新领域、循环经济”的理念去创新性地整合大部分条文。DGNB—2018版本在整合过程、标准工具、应用经济、管理评价的内容可为我国绿色建筑评价标准修订及双认证工作给予帮助。