“沉锚”效应理论融入高校计算机教学

心理学对高等教育教学过程具有重要的指导作用。文章提出将思维定势心理学中的"沉锚"效应灵活融入高校计算机教学中。指出将"沉锚"效应与高等教育教学相融合的重要意义,高校计算机教师在教育教学中应充分发挥"沉锚"效应积极的第一信息效用,达到教学目的,避免其消极影响,同时高校教师应加强心理学知识的学习,更有助于"沉锚"效应的灵活应用。  

Legitimate by design: Towards trusted socio-technical systems

Legitimacy or 'fairness' seems a key requirement for trust in computer-mediated social environments. Trust in turn seems necessary for productive community interactions like e-commerce. But unless legitimacy is built into social software, achieving trust may not be possible. This means expressing apparently vague social 'rights' as specific information system (IS) requirements, i.e. carrying out a legitimacy analysis. We suggest a framework for the systematic analysis of who 'owns' what in IS design, assuming basic object types and actions. This analysis not only allows social legitimacy concepts to be expressed in IS design terms, but could also reveal socio-technical system design choices for public review. The technique is illustrated by case examples. Legitimacy analysis can apply to wide variety of social software, from chat rooms to virtual realities. It could lead to future global standards for virtual social environment design, perhaps necessary for the emergence of a global online community.  

Exploring anchoring effect and the moderating role of repeated anchor in electronic commerce

Most of the anchoring studies conduct the experiments following two-stage experimental design in which a comparative judgement is followed by an absolute estimate. However, this design is impractical in many situations, especially in online auction environments where consumers cannot be asked to make comparisons before they make estimates. This study suggests and validates an alternative experimental design where no comparison process is needed to induce anchoring bias. Moreover, we postulate that repeated occurrence of anchoring points affect the strength of the anchoring effect on participants' price estimates. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the anchoring effect in both two-stage and one-stage designs. The results showed that the anchoring effect was robust under two-stage design, and repeated occurrence of the anchor did not reinforce the anchoring effect. Moreover, people's price estimates are susceptible to the anchoring effect even when they were not asked to make a comparative judgement before they determine the final estimate. However, the anchoring effect can be further consolidated when the anchor appears three times rather than once. Experimental design introduced in study 2 provides a promising website design direction and we suggest that high anchors should be embedded in a web page repeatedly to influence the buyers' value estimates to produce a premium.  

自动驾驶中量子认知与决策问题研究

自动驾驶车辆对人类驾驶车辆和行人的意图估计及其相互作用研究是极其重要的, 现有的研究不能很好 的解释人类交通参与者的不确定因素和非理性行为, 这对研究自动驾驶车辆在真实道路交通场景中运行形成了阻 碍, 本文基于量子理论和锚定效应, 针对自动驾驶车辆右转时与非机动车和行人交互场景, 构建量子决策模型. 仿 真分析和数据集实验证明了在与人类交通参与者进行交互时, 锚定效应下的量子决策模型可以考虑存在不确定性 因素和非理性行为时进行加速或减速的决策, 且相比于累积前景理论模型(CPT)更加贴合实际情况.