以职业教育推动传统建筑工艺传承的探讨

传统建筑工艺是建筑遗产中不可或缺的重要组成部分，然而辉煌背后，传统建筑工艺却面临着断代或失传的风险。职业教育倡导的“教学做”一体化教学模式，强调培养学生的职业技能、动手能力的特点与传统建筑工艺传承所需的千锤百炼相吻合，并在实践教学中已取得了一定的成果，但同时显现了不足，文章将针对这些不足之处，以广州城市职业学院城市建设工程系为例，探讨职业院校开展传统建筑工艺的教学模式。     

Ergonomic mismatch between students anthropometry and university classroom furniture

University students spend most of their time in classrooms, mostly in a sitting position. Prolonged sitting on ill-fitted furniture and the resulting bad posture is making students suffer from different musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study evaluates the potential mismatch between furniture dimensions and anthropometric measurements. To determine potential mismatch, 13 anthropometric measurements of 550 students and 11 dimensions of two types of classroom furniture (mounted-desktop and chair-with-table) were measured and then compared. Additionally, chi-square test was performed to compare the relation between anthropometry and relevant furniture dimensions. Results showed that a significant number of mismatches emerged between anthropometric measurements and furniture dimensions. For both types of furniture, seat height was too high and seat depth was too deep. Moreover, for mounted desktop, desk height is almost appropriate for all students whereas for chair and table, it was too high for the males. These circumstances may lead to increase discomfort and increase MSDs problems among all students. It can be concluded that the dimensions of both types of classroom furniture were not appropriate for users according to anthropometric measurements. This analysis recommends the measurements of furniture dimensions based on participants’ anthropometric measurements to avoid or minimise discomfort and MSDs problems.     

中国建筑话语中的“文脉”(1980年代-1990年代)

对"文脉"一词进入中国建筑话语的历史作出概览式的回顾,并分别以"阙里宾舍"和"西单商业大楼"为例,从设计者的自述与建筑界的评论入手,探讨1980年代末到1990年代初"文脉热"兴起的可能原因。指出对"复古主义"的批判和创作有"民族特色"建筑的愿望是"文脉"一词背后潜在的诉求,同时,也警醒地看到,基于特定时代背景,中国建筑界对西方后现代主义等建筑思潮不可避免地片面理解和吸收,也造成了"文脉"逐渐丧失了其本应具有的批判性与创造力。     

Tuning of Active Disturbance Rejection Control with application to power plant furnace regulation

Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is emerging as a promising solution in dealing with the unmeasurable disturbances and unknown uncertainties, which are treated in a lumped manner and augmented as an extended state variable. Subsequently, an extended state observer (ESO) is designed to estimate and cancel the combined uncertain term in real time, modifying the uncertain plant to behave like a nominal model consisting of integrators. In the original ADRC formulation, the plant model is assumed to be of delay-free and its order is assumed to be equal to that of the real plant. However, a low-order ADRC is preferred and received a wide acceptance in practice because of its simplicity. Currently, the feasibility of such practice is not clearly revealed as well as its potential dangers. To this end, this paper analyzes the control mechanism from the perspective of the modified plant, which, in turn, would give guidance to parameter tuning. The effect of each parameter on the compensation efficiency and stability conditions of the modified plant is analyzed, based on which a complete tuning procedure for ADRC is developed where the initial settings is derived from the existing PI controller parameters. Finally, the proposed tuning method is experimentally used for a furnace pressure regulation of a 1000MW power plant, validating the feasibility of the low-order ADRC, even in the absence of both dynamic model and the information on the model order.     

Showcase and window to the world: East German architecture abroad 1949–1990

For decades, German Democratic Republic (GDR) architecture was seen as parochial and dictated by the Soviets, yet increasing scholarly interest has generated a picture of debates and specific practices that were embedded in the global process of expansion and crisis of Modernism. Meanwhile, and influenced by the East-West conflict, competing concepts of modernization and national identity arose in the so-called Third World, initiating multifarious cultural transfer processes. This article analyses to what extent the architects from the GDR – a country whose building practice was increasingly shaped by the principles of industrial prefabrication – have played a part in regional contexts and construction methods. It also asks what their role was in international organizations such as Union Internationale des Architects and UNESCO, which promoted their practical engagement abroad. The subject raises issues of possible freedom of action in creative design and fusion processes, but also of bureaucratic constrictions and international relationships ending in unexpected conflicts. The examples outline the field of activities that stretches from pure blueprint delivery for a memorial competition to long-standing work on location when planning whole neighbourhoods. Furthermore, the article examines how the challenges of international planning impacted building culture within the GDR itself.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Si3N4f/BN composites with BN interphase prepared by chemical vapor deposition of borazine

The boron nitride (BN) interphase of silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) fiber-reinforced BN matrix (Si₃N_4f/BN) composites was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of liquid borazine, and the microstructure, growth kinetics and crystallinity of the BN coating were examined. The effects of coating thickness on the mechanical strength and fiber/matrix interfacial bonding strength of the composites were then investigated. The CVD BN coating plays a key role in weakening the interfacial bonding condition that improves the mechanical properties of the composites. The layering structure of the BN coating promotes crack propagation within the coating, which leads to a variety of toughening mechanisms including crack deflection, fiber bridging and fiber pull out. Single-fiber push-out experiments were performed to quantify the fiber/matrix bonding strength with different coating thicknesses. The physical bonding strength due to thermal mismatch was discussed.     

国内建筑涂料市场影响因素与预测分析

中国是全球最大的建筑涂料市场，各涂料厂商在中国建筑涂料市场上进行激烈竞争，能够精准预测行业趋势对各涂料厂商精准决策和投资，提升企业经营质量具有重要意义。文章收集了近 12年建筑业总产值、房地产投资、城镇常住居民人口、 M2和 GDP等影响建筑涂料市场的数据，通过回归分析的方法得出：各影响因素与建筑涂料产量存在紧密且正相关的定量关系，并由此预测了国内建筑涂料市场在未来 3年将稳步发展。     

零能耗太阳能住宅的工业化建造

当前建筑业正处于向工业化发展转型的重要时期,以中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛(SD 2013)中的北京交通大学"i-Yard"参赛作品为例,重点从建筑部品系统的划分和工业化建造等方面进行解析,为零能耗、可持续建筑的模数化设计和快速工业化生产提供了有益的参考。