情形实例驱动的软件需求模型自动生成

通过对使用情形的分析来进行需求获取和需求分析可以使软件需求分析的工作较为系统和有序。由于每一个情形实例都只从特定的使用者的角度，根据所需达到的特定使用目的，针对特定的使用条件，来描述一个复杂系统中的一个局部，与对整个复杂系统的需求进行分析和描述相比，在特定情形实例下对软件需求进行分析与描述较简单。然而，如何保证情形实例描述之间的一致性，如何从情形实例的描述获得整个软件系统的需求定义则是以情形实例分  

关键字驱动脚本技术的应用

关键字脚本驱动技术是一种利用脚本中包含的关键词句来驱动测试事件的脚本技术.基于关键字驱动脚本技术的思想,从简化脚本书写的角度,开发出了软件测试自动化工具KAT.介绍了KAT的构架,并且给出了脚本模型和主要模块的算法.KAT结构简练,模块间松散耦合,易于扩展,充分体现了易开发、易阅读、易维护的自动化测试理念,并且具有良好的跨平台性.KAT投入使用后,以较高的测试准确率为基础,大大减少了测试成本,收到了很好测试效果.  

Web accessibility in the Mid-Atlantic United States: a study of 50 homepages

This paper reports on a study of 50 homepages in the Mid-Atlantic United States to determine what accessibility problems exist. The 50 homepages were evaluated using both the U.S. governments Section 508 guidelines as well as the Web Accessibility Initiatives (WAI) Priority Level 1 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). According to both sets of guidelines, 49 out of 50 sites were found to have accessibility problems, although some of the accessibility problems were minor and easy to fix. There are two troubling findings from this study. The Web sites that had the most accessibility problems were organizations in the Web development and information technology field, which ideally should be the leaders in making the Web more accessible. The Web accessibility software testing tools, which are available to assist people in making their Web sites more accessible, are flawed and inconsistent and require large numbers of manual checks, which many developers may not be able to do. More people need to become aware of the topic of Web accessibility, and the testing tools need to be improved so that once people are aware, it is easier for them to move their sites toward full accessibility.  

One year older, but not necessarily wiser: an evaluation of homepage accessibility problems over time

A large number of users with disabilities use assistive technology devices to browse the web. However, the use of assistive technologies can only be successful when the web sites are developed in such a way that they are compatible with such devices. Guidelines exist for creating accessible web sites. However, they are seldom followed, and current levels of web accessibility are low. Therefore, the question arises as to which is the major cause of inaccessibility, and how accessibility features of web sites evolve over time. A set of 50 web sites has been studied over time to determine if accessibility improves or declines. This research-in-progress paper presents a comparison of the results obtained in 2002 and 2003. Such a comparison leads to the conclusion that, in the time period of 1 year, the 50 web sites have actually become more inaccessible. Implications for developers, webmasters, and educators are also discussed in the paper.

Scenario Analysis in an Automated Tool for Requirements Engineering

 This paper presents an automated tool for scenario-driven requirements engineering where scenario analysis plays the central role. It is shown that a scenario can be described by three views of data flow, entity relationship and state transition models by slight extensions of classic data flow, entity relationship and state transition diagrams. The notions of consistency and completeness of a set of scenarios are formally defined in graph theory terminology and automatically checked by the tool. The tool supports automatic validation of requirements definitions by analysing the consistency between a set of scenarios and requirements models. It also supports automatic synthesis of requirements models from a set of scenarios. Its utility and usefulness are demonstrated by a non-trivial example in the paper. Case studies of the tools are also presented.  

Bioinformatics algorithm development for Grid environments

A Grid environment can be viewed as a virtual computing architecture that provides the ability to perform higher throughput computing by taking advantage of many computers geographically dispersed and connected by a network. Bioinformatics applications stand to gain in such a distributed environment in terms of increased availability, reliability and efficiency of computational resources. There is already considerable research in progress toward applying parallel computing techniques on bioinformatics methods, such as multiple sequence alignment, gene expression analysis and phylogenetic studies. In order to cope with the dimensionality issue, most machine learning methods either focus on specific groups of proteins or reduce the size of the original data set and/or the number of attributes involved. Grid computing could potentially provide an alternative solution to this problem, by combining multiple approaches in a seamless way. In this paper we introduce a unifying methodology coupling the strengths of the Grid with the specific needs and constraints of the major bioinformatics approaches. We also present a tool that implements this process and allows researchers to assess the computational needs for a specific task and optimize the allocation of available resources for its efficient completion.  

Web应用的UML协作图建模与形式化规格说明

针对Web应用的特点,从整体功能层面和交互行为层面用UML协作图构建了Web应用模型,以便精确、有效地描述参与协作对象间的结构关系和交互行为,保证在利用UML形式的规格说明推导测试用例时所需的语义信息.研究了运用Object-Z语言来形式化描述Web应用模型,提出了相应的转换规则.设计了形式化规格说明自动化生成的工具(UMLTOZ)中的主要相关类库.  

自动化工具对中国DevOps实践的影响

DevOps作为一次软件工程领域的变革，近10年迅速发展的原因是多方面的.关注了中国DevOps的发展历程中自动化工具带来的实际影响以及自动化工具产生的一系列问题.使用系统化文献评价获取了目前DevOps实践中被研究者分析最多的自动化支持工具，从50篇文献中识别出包括Docker、Chef、Jenkins和Puppet等69个自动化工具；然后通过灰色文献评价从一些中文博客文章中分析出自动化工具在中国DevOps实践中出现的3个层次的问题；最后通过民族志访谈方法分析了在中国环境下各方对待3个层次问题的看法和建议，得出自动化工具对中国DevOps实践的两个影响：（1）自动化工具在DevOps实践的前期作用明显，可以认为DevOps实践就是使用自动化工具；（2）软件组织实现DevOps转型以后需要减少对自动化工具的依赖，形成自己的DevOps文化.对于自动化工具在中国DevOps实践中产生的问题，整合访谈内容后形成了解决问题的3个建议，并给出了一个转型范例.