Recycled paperboard with a barrier layer for food contact: set-off during stacking or reeling. Analytical method and preliminary results

The use of recycled paperboard for packaging dry foods is in the interest of sustainability of resources, but in most applications, the food must be protected against contamination, such as by a functional barrier on the internal surface of the paperboard box. After application, the paperboard is usually stacked or reeled before making boxes. During this period, the food-contact surface of the barrier layer is in contact with the outer side of the paperboard, which may result in set-off and subsequent contamination of food. A method is described for the determination of this path of migration, based on the taped format also used for the measurement of the barrier efficiency. Recycled paperboard containing the three surrogate substances n-heptadecane, 4-methyl benzophenone and dipropyl phthalate was taped to the food-contact side of the barrier layer. Pressure onto the test packs did not seem to be a relevant parameter. After periods of interest, a piece of the paperboard with the barrier layer was extracted and analysed for the surrogate substances. Another piece may be brought into contact with silicone paper to simulate the transfer to food. After 2 weeks at 60°C (simulating about 1 year at 25°C), set-off and the transfer to the silicone paper exceeded 1% for all barrier materials tested, but after 6 weeks at 40°C (around half a year at 25°C), set-off remained below 1% for all barrier layers except a multilayer with polyethylene on the food-contact surface. The preliminary conclusion is that set-off should be taken seriously, but may be kept low enough to provide sufficient protection of the packed food.     

Extended vertical lists for temporal pattern mining from multivariate time series

In this paper, the problem of mining complex temporal patterns in the context of multivariate time series is considered. A new method called the Fast Temporal Pattern Mining with Extended Vertical Lists is introduced. The method is based on an extension of the level‐wise property, which requires a more complex pattern to start at positions within a record where all of the subpatterns of the pattern start. The approach is built around a novel data structure called the Extended Vertical List that tracks positions of the first state of the pattern inside records and links them to appropriate positions of a specific subpattern of the pattern called the prefix. Extensive computational results indicate that the new method performs significantly faster than the previous version of the algorithm for Temporal Pattern Mining; however, the increase in speed comes at the expense of increased memory usage.     

基于Python的油田生产资料预处理软件设计与应用

油田内部生产资料类型包括钻井、录井、测井、试油等多种类型。针对资料整理过程中存在的问题如:从原始资料库中下载的资料格式多样;不同石油软件所需加载的数据格式不同;已有资料预处理软件功能均较单一等,从编程语言优选、软件兼容性、软件功能集成化三个方面出发,选取Python语言进行软件设计,利用Python扩展性强的特点,设计出红番茄资料预处理软件,并在新疆油田进行试点,生产资料整理时间缩短至原耗时间的约33%。Python语言在油田生产中的应用可为具有相同问题的其他油田提供参考。     

失稳区Al-Li合金回归机制的计算机研究

基于离散格点形式的微扩散方程 ,对失稳区Al Li合金在回归过程中Al3Li(δ′)相溶解做原子层面计算机模拟 ,分析析出相在回归过程中原子图像、序参数的演化 ,进而探讨Al Li合金的回归机制。探明在失稳区Al Li合金的回归过程有序相演化序列为 :化学计量比δ′相→非化学计量比有序相→无序基体。失稳区合金的回归过程为“小范围的成分回落” ,而时效过程为“大范围的成分起伏” ,因此 ,在失稳区合金回归过程并非时效过程的逆过程。     

文化资本积累与转化视阈下的大学生考证热

教育投资是文化资本积累的有效途径之一,近年来兴起的考证热,就是大学生力图通过教育投资来提升自身文化资本的博弈。于文化资本积累与转化视阈,分析大学生考证的成本与收益,是对大学生考证热的另一种解读。     

混合市场环境下计及电转气的园区燃气机组调峰优化模型

清洁能源消纳是当前我国电力市场改革加速推进的一项重要目标。在此背景下,文章构建了混合市场环境下计及电转气(power-to-gas,P2G)的园区燃气机组调峰优化模型。首先,设计了风光机组、燃气机组、电转气和储气罐参与的园区电力系统运行结构;其次,计及绿证交易市场和调峰辅助服务市场机制,分别构建了园区发电机组绿证交易模型和调峰补偿模型;然后,以清洁能源消纳最大化、燃气调峰意愿最大化、CO₂排放最小化和系统净收益最大化为目标,构建了清洁能源驱动下含P2G设备的园区供电系统经济调度数学模型;最后,采用混沌粒子群算法对模型求解。结果表明,此模型兼顾了P2G设备以及调峰补偿机制的园区电力系统,清洁能源消纳率提升了6.69%,CO₂排放量减少了14.66 t;燃气机组积极参与了调峰,系统净收益最高提升了18.706万元,验证了所提模型的有效性,并体现了求解算法较好的收敛效果。     

国密体系在智能变电站的研究与应用

目前智能变电站系统安全防护主要依据IEC 62351标准实施,IEC 62351是国际标准,其涉及的安全技术主要采用国际算法RSA、AES及数字证书。针对智能变电站系统通信存在的安全缺陷,本文提出以下3方面解决方案,1)提出基于IEC 62351安全机制的智能变电站设备间通信采用国密算法与调度数字证书技术;2)发现调度主站到变电站通信协议IEC 104的安全隐患,提出安全改造方案及实现方法;3)提出站控层与过程层通信协议改造方案并采用国密算法与调度证书技术实现。通过采取以上安全措施,确保站内通信信息以及信息资源的实时性、可靠性、保密性、完整性和可用性,杜绝未授权用户的非法接入,保证通信双方身份的真实性及业务数据的可追溯性。     

考虑绿色证书交易的寡头电力市场均衡分析

可再生能源配额和可交易绿色证书制度作为一种基于市场机制的新能源扶持政策,得到越来越多的关注。该政策的引入会对电力批发市场的竞争产生重要影响,特别是绿色证书交易市场与电力批发交易市场之间存在复杂的相互影响关系。为了定量研究该影响关系,采用寡头竞争均衡理论,建立了一个考虑绿色证书交易市场和电力批发交易市场的两阶段联合均衡模型。在第1阶段,可再生能源发电商以供应函数模式参与证书市场竞争;在第2阶段,所有发电商以古诺模式参与批发市场竞争。该模型描述的均衡问题可以表示为一个具有均衡约束的均衡问题,可采用非线性互补方法来求解。最后,算例仿真重点研究不同配额要求下发电商在两个市场中的策略性行为及相互影响关系,表明在不同的配额要求下,可再生能源发电商会选择在不同市场中行使市场力,并导致电力批发市场价格与绿色证书市场价格上升。     

财富中心一期、二期工程电气设计特点分析

本文以财富中心一期、二期工程为例,分析了超大规模超高层建筑楼群工程电气设计的特点。