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1.
邹才能  朱如凯  董大忠  吴松涛 《石油学报》2022,43(12):1675-1686
页岩油气是自生自储、源储一体的非常规油气资源,根据热演化成熟度将页岩油划分为中—高成熟页岩油与中—低成熟页岩油,根据页岩沉积环境将页岩气划分为海相、海陆过渡相和陆相页岩气。中国是目前世界上实现陆相页岩油商业规模开发最成功的国家之一,相继在鄂尔多斯盆地、准噶尔盆地、松辽盆地、渤海湾盆地等获得陆相页岩油重大发现。在四川盆地及其周缘实现了海相页岩气工业突破和快速规模发展,截至2021年底,在中国南方累计探明页岩气田8个、探明地质储量2.74×1012m3,2021年页岩气产量达230×108m3,累计生产页岩气924×108m3。中国页岩油气资源潜力大,但规模勘探与效益开发仍面临诸多挑战。借鉴国外页岩油气发展经验与启示,建议由国家牵头评价落实黑色页岩转化油气、高碳煤岩转化油气的技术与经济资源量,制定发展规划;设立国家级黑色页岩、高碳煤岩油气原位转化先导试验区,继续执行并出台页岩转化、煤岩油气转化的财政激励和税收扶持政策,推动实现地下页岩油熟化转化革命、地下煤炭加热转化油气革命;国家顶层设计,统筹投资,以鄂尔多斯、四川等盆地为代表,打造地上可再生能源与地下油气煤、热锂铀、碳捕获和储存(CCS)、碳捕获与利用及封存(CCUS)等协同融合发展的"世界超级能源盆地"基地,实现地上与地下多种能源的协同融合发展。  相似文献   
2.
鉴于无人系统自主性技术影响未来战争的发展方向,对其研究现状及发展趋势进行分析。阐述无人系统 自主性的内涵,并以面向不同单一导航任务为例介绍无人系统自主性技术的框架,重点揭示内驱力和外驱力在环境 模型构建和行为决策中的作用;对无人系统自主性技术研究现状进行分析,包括态势感知、自动规划、策略学习和 环境模型学习4 方面,据此判定无人系统自主性技术的研究趋势;讨论无人系统自主性技术在实际应用中存在的问 题与面临的挑战。结果表明,该分析可为我国无人系统的发展提供参考。  相似文献   
3.
Our empirical analysis focuses on the effect of regional policies on migration attraction factors in Europe. We employ a regression discontinuity design to assess the causal relationship between the reception of large amounts of public funds and migration flows in the EU-15 regions. In highly-subsidised regions, we find a large increase in the share of foreign citizens from less-developed countries when compared to low-subsidised regions with similar pre-treatment characteristics. The analysis shows that such an increase is due to the positive impact of the European regional policy on job market opportunities as well as the improvement of public goods supply.  相似文献   
4.
唐斌  阳建强 《中国园林》2021,37(1):105-109
在中国生态文明制度建设的背景下,梳理、总结了英国城市公园政策的起源、阶段特征,并结合中国国情和英国的经验、教训,提出了将城市公园制度建设及合作伙伴关系列入国家政策议程、加强顶层设计、强化地方领导、落实中央决策、实施决策监督和建立广泛合作伙伴关系的建议,以期促进我国城市公园的可持续发展。  相似文献   
5.
Using monthly data on national housing prices from July 1998 to June 2015, we investigate the effect of the ‘Tender, Auction and Listing’ (hereafter TAL) system on housing prices in land, implemented on 31 August 2004. We apply the additional polynomial regression discontinuity method which effectively eliminates the effects of several confounding factors such as financial crisis, ‘New National Ten Provisions’ and ‘9.30 New Regime’. We find that, although the TAL has caused the national average housing prices to go up by 10%, accounting for 11% of total increase in housing prices in the last year, it does not constitute the major driver for housing prices. Furthermore, our results indicate that TAL has exerted a larger impact on commercial and residential properties, especially in the middle and west regions. By examining the transmission mechanisms, we find that the effects of TAL are mainly via government’s starvation-style land supply effect and market-reshuffling effect.  相似文献   
6.
Metropolitan strategic plans often focus on strengthening local employment opportunities to address the congestion and commuting issues threatening city sustainability. The success of such strategies relies on a more equitable distribution of jobs between sub-regions and can be comparatively benchmarked through one of the three related measures of employment self-sufficiency, self-containment or jobs-housing balance. However, in practice, planning policy implementation to meet these targets seldom reduces automobile commuting. This paper investigates self-containment across a range of occupation and industry types to highlight large differences in commuting and employment patterns through a case study of Perth’s Northwest sub-region, Western Australia. Its findings suggest the application of current sub-regional policy and targets within Perth may reinforce the wage and skill disadvantage of outer metropolitan sub-regions over the inner core. It recommends a more nuanced understanding of these measures taking into account the complex dynamics of both employment opportunities and commuting patterns across sub-regions of a city.  相似文献   
7.
Jatropha curcas L. has emerged in recent times as a leading energy crop in sub-Saharan Africa with over 32 countries in the region involved in its cultivation. By 2008, five countries in the region (Senegal, Nigeria, Mali, Ethiopia, and Zimbabwe) had policies promoting Jatropha cultivation. These policies were not informed by empirical evidence arising from the performance of Jatropha in the region. This paper analyses performance data of Jatropha in the region with a view to synthesizing information that is useful for evidence-based policy formulation. Production data in terms of agronomic issues and seed yields are analyzed. The results show that most of the attributes generically associated with Jatropha have not been achieved in the region and there has been inadequate research to support Jatropha cultivation. Policies supporting cultivation of Jatropha need to be informed by these observations in order to promote viable cultivation of the crop.  相似文献   
8.
The marked increase in the awareness of earthquake risk following the Canterbury earthquakes in New Zealand offered a unique opportunity to investigate the economic effect of disaster-mitigation regulations on the commercial building stock. A difference-in-differences (DD) framework was used to determine whether earthquake risk has been capitalized into the property prices of buildings constructed prior to 1976, as a response to the national policy requiring assessment and strengthening (or demolition) of the existing earthquake-prone building stock. A negative externality is found in the policy announcement on affected (pre-1970s) office and retail buildings which caused office buildings to suffer a 12.5% stigma discount. However, retail properties were less impacted suffering a 2.3% stigma loss. The value of the commercial building stock has been affected by the policy. These findings provide policy-makers with timely evidence as to the economic effects of New Zealand’s earthquake-prone buildings policy. Facing losses in property value and financial responsibility for retrofitting their assets, building owners will be looking for a workable set of regulatory and non-regulatory incentives to encourage disaster risk management and protect the built environment.  相似文献   
9.
Carbon tax policy is widely adopted by many countries to curb carbon emissions. In the context of carbon tax policy, firms have more incentive to improve carbon reduction levels by reducing their carbon tax costs. However, firms need to bear carbon reduction costs that may cause shortage of capital. Thus, firms may face problems of financial constraints, which may demotivate firms to produce greener products. To address the decision‐making challenges of firms in the contexts of carbon tax policy and financial constraints, we consider a supply chain with a manufacturer who produces green products and a retailer who sells these products. Our study develops five models to investigate the two firms’ optimal wholesale price, carbon reduction level and ordering quantity, according to the manufacturer and retailer with or without financial constraints. Our goal in this study is to explore how carbon tax policy and banks’ interest rates affect the profits of the two firms, supply chain and consumer surplus. Certain managerial insights are obtained as follows. We demonstrate that carbon tax policy and banks’ interest rates demotivate the manufacturer to produce greener products and demotivate the retailer to order more products. If the interest rate to the manufacturer (retailer) is relatively low, then the manufacturer with financial constraint benefits (harms) the consumers compared with the retailer with financial constraint. Importantly, our analysis suggests that carbon tax policy harms the firms but benefits consumers, and the government in some conditions should reduce unit carbon tax.  相似文献   
10.
Drawing on and developing Kingdon’s multiple streams analysis, this article examines the development of one aspect of the UK’s low cost home ownership programme: shared ownership. We demonstrate how key human and non-human policy entrepreneurs were able to set the agenda from 1973–1983 in favour of shared ownership; they neutralized the alternatives, while retaining some of their instruments; and solved a number of early problems by bringing key players into the programme. Our data-sets include a range of archival material and elite interviews. The policy entrepreneurs included John Stanley (who was the housing minister in the First Thatcher government), the National Federation of Housing Associations, and the Building Societies Association. Our development of the multiple streams analysis is to argue that documents, including the lease, act as policy entrepreneurs in their own right. The lease was central to the development of shared ownership and its transformation into a model lease enrolled other organizations, most critically the building societies.  相似文献   
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