虚拟企业模式

虚拟企业正伴随着经济全球化和信息技术的不断发展,成为许多企业的现实选择。主要介绍了虚拟企业的涵义和主要特征,对这种全新的企业运作模式进行了深入的探讨,并指出了实际应用中应当注意的问题。     

建设工程项目的发包方式——设计-施工一体化承包模式的应用研究

设计一施工承包模式，是一种新型的工程发包和管理模式，在国际建筑市场上越来越引起人们的注意，是当今国内外建筑市场承发包模式的发展趋势。对设计一施工承包管理模式的基本理论和方法进行了全面、系统的研究，深入浅出地说明了设计一施工承包管理模式的思想，在国内采用该模式存在的问题及解决方法，并指出其发展方向。     

政府委托人与代建人的风险分配研究

基于项目全寿命周期风险分析原则,研究代建制中政府委托人、代建人在项目决策阶段、实施阶段(设计、施工阶段)、使用阶段的风险承担问题,提出了政府委托人与代建人的风险分配原则,并依据该风险分配原则得到了政府委托人与代建人的风险分配结果。     

山区人工挖孔桩施工中常见难题的处理方法

通过对采用人工挖孔桩基础的工程实践中积累的经验进行分析和总结,针对人工挖孔桩基础工程施工中遇到的几种困难,提出了一些简单可行的处理方法,可供类似工程参考。     

A framework for identification and representation of client requirements in the briefing process

The briefing process is critical to the successful delivery of construction projects. Although a number of briefing guides have been developed, attempting to address the problems of briefing, they are often criticized as being too general and implicit. This paper describes a structured framework for identifying and representing client requirements (CRs) in the briefing process. It integrates the value management (VM) methodology with function analysis system technique (FAST) and functional performance specification (FPS) to enable the client organization and project team to systematically identify, clarify and clearly represent CRs in the briefing process. It comprises four interrelated phases: preparation, information, analysis and evaluation. This paper starts with a critical review of previous work in briefing and function analysis, followed by an introduction to the research methodology and detailed illustration of the proposed framework. The use of this framework can facilitate and lead to systematic identification and clarification of client requirements and the formation of a more precise and explicit representation of these requirements. The limitations of the approach are also discussed in the paper.     

Making client values explicit in value management workshops

Value management is a project‐focused process that makes explicit and appraises the functional benefits of a product, process or service consistent with a value system determined by the client. The value system of the client necessarily requires a method for value setting using harder performance variables than the commonly described facets of time, cost and quality. Current value theory is critically appraised in the context of current value management practice. The research proposition is that the constituent parts of time, cost and quality can be made overt enabling a client to express satisfaction in terms of a finite number of variables enabling the explicit statement of client value within a value management workshop. An action research study into the discovery of the component parts of the client's value system at the early stages of construction projects concludes that the variables are the nine non‐correlated, high order, discretionary performance variables of capital expenditure, operational expenditure, time, esteem, environment, exchange, politics/community, flexibility and comfort.     

Monte Carlo simulation of construction costs using subjective data

The objectives of construction projects, from the client's point of view, are well known, and techniques have been developed to help practitioners achieve them. Ensuring that projects contribute towards protecting the environment is not yet one of these objectives. However, in almost all countries, issues relating to the environment are receiving attention from governments, non-governmental institutions and commercial organizations in most sectors of the economy, as well as from the general public. Statutory measures are being taken by governments to effect pollution control, resource conservation and protection of natural ecosystems. Productive enterprises are reviewing, and where necessary, changing aspects of their operations to address these concerns and comply with the increasingly more stringent requirements. Many environment-related statutes, regulations, codes and general policies have implications for the construction industry, affecting where constructed items are located, how they are planned and designed, the materials and components used, the techniques and equipment adopted, and how the completed facilities are maintained, altered and, ultimately, demolished.

After giving an overview of the factors contributing to, and the nature of, general developments relating to the environment {especially in the area of government policy), the implications of these trends for the construction industry are considered. Actions being taken by the industry in these regards are next discussed. It is suggested that the consideration of issues relating to the environment should be part of the culture of the construction industry everywhere, and that there is a case for making the environment the fourth client objective on construction projects.     

Effective construction planning

This paper examines the relationships between construction planning efforts and construction planning effectiveness. The influence of the project's environment and organizational characteristics of construction firms on planning efforts and planning effectiveness is also investigated. A sample of 26 building projects was studied and the results were analysed using simple correlations. Three factors were found to have a significant effect on improving construction planning effectiveness: increases in planning time prior to commencement of work on site, the extent to which emphasis is placed on the determination of construction methods during construction planning and the frequency of revision of construction plans after commencement of work on site. Significant relationships were also found between project environment variables and organizational characteristics of construction firms and planning efforts and planning effectiveness. Implications of the results are that construction planners should systematically evaluate alternative plans, sufficient time should be allowed for proper planning, thorough reviews are needed whilst work is in progress, the planning effort needs to be relevant to the environmental context of the project and the firm should be appropriately organized. Suggestions are given for future research studies.     

基于OPC技术的生产报表系统的开发与应用

东临管线的控制系统的上位机升级为WonderwareIntouch数据采集系统。采用基于PC技术的应用程序架构,分析自动化系统接口的原理,基于Visual Basic程序设计语言与Intoueh数据采集系统的数据实时交互,实现生产报表系统的自动化。介绍了OPC的概念以及OPC服务器的配置方法,以及VB应用程序作为OPC客户端的实现方式。     

电脑产品如何申请关国"能源之星"认证

针对桌上型电脑、一体式电脑、笔记本电脑、工作站、小型伺服器、精简客户端等不同的电脑产品,分别介绍＂能源之星＂的要求。同时,介绍自2011年＂能源之星＂新政策实施后,生产商如何通过第三方实验及认证机构向美国环保署EPA提交申请资料。