Breeding schemes with optimum-contribution selection or truncation selection for beef cattle destined for use on dairy females

We tested the hypothesis that the size of a beef cattle population destined for use on dairy females is smaller under optimum-contribution selection (OCS) than under truncation selection (TRS) at the same genetic gain (ΔG) and the same rate of inbreeding (ΔF). We used stochastic simulation to estimate true ΔG realized at a 0.005 ΔF in breeding schemes with OCS or TRS. The schemes for the beef cattle population also differed in the number of purebred offspring per dam and the total number of purebred offspring per generation. Dams of the next generation were exclusively selected among the one-year-old heifers. All dams were donors for embryo transfer and produced a maximum of 5 or 10 offspring. The total number of purebred offspring per generation was: 400, 800, 1,600 or 4,000 calves, and it was used as a measure of population size. Rate of inbreeding was predicted and controlled using pedigree relationships. Each OCS (TRS) scheme was simulated for 10 discrete generations and replicated 100 (200) times. The OCS scheme and the TRS scheme with a maximum of 10 offspring per dam required approximately 783 and 1,257 purebred offspring per generation to realize a true ΔG of €14 and a ΔF of 0.005 per generation. Schemes with a maximum of 5 offspring per dam required more purebred offspring per generation to realize a similar true ΔG and a similar ΔF. Our results show that OCS and multiple ovulation and embryo transfer act on selection intensity through different mechanisms to achieve fewer selection candidates and fewer selected sires and dams than under TRS at the same ΔG and a fixed ΔF. Therefore, we advocate the use of a breeding scheme with OCS and multiple ovulation and embryo transfer for beef cattle destined for use on dairy females because it is favorable both from an economic perspective and a carbon footprint perspective.     

A comparative study for consistency-based decision making with interval multiplicative preference relations

ABSTRACT

To ensure the reasonable application and perfect the theory of decision making with interval multiplicative preference relations (IMPRs), this paper continues to discuss decision making with IMPRs. After reviewing previous consistency concepts for IMPRs, we find that Krej?í’s consistency concept is more flexible and natural than others. However, it is insufficient to address IMPRs only using this concept. Considering this fact, this paper researches inconsistent and incomplete IMPRs that are usually encountered. First, programming models for addressing inconsistent and incomplete IMPRs are constructed. Then, this paper studies the consensus of individual IMPRs and defines a consensus index using the defined correlation coefficient. When the consensus requirement does not satisfy requirement, a programming model for improving consensus level is built, which can ensure the consistency. Subsequently, a procedure for group decision making with IMPRs is offered, and associated examples are provided to specifically show the application of main theoretical results.     

药用辅料对CYP3A活性的影响及其对仿制药质量和疗效一致性评价的指导作用

药物制剂的处方和工艺是保证药物质量和疗效的基础，药用辅料是药物制剂处方的重要组成部分。部分药用辅料可影响CYP3A的活性，继而可能影响其底物在体内的代谢和生物利用度。在中国和美国，相对生物利用度是仿制药研究的关键内容。我国正在推进仿制药质量和疗效一致性评价。因此，了解药用辅料对CYP3A的影响及其对一致性评价的指导作用具有十分重要的现实意义。     

基于LoRa物联网技术的智能照明控制方案在高速公路上的应用——以北京新机场高速公路(南五环-北京新机场)为例

文章结合北京新机场高速公路照明工程实例,阐述了常规照明控制系统的现状,分析了基于新兴的LoRa物联网技术智能照明控制方案的系统原理和系统构成、系统在高速公路智能照明控制领域的应用以及系统应用能达到的节能和管理效益的提升效果,并对系统的扩展应用前景做了研究分析。     

New version of continuous–discrete cubature Kalman filtering for nonlinear continuous–discrete systems

For nonlinear continuous–discrete systems, this paper elaborates a new accurate implementation of continuous–discrete cubature Kalman filter (CD-CKF). As the main contribution of this work, the new Kalman prediction stage begins by integrating the nonlinear continuous model for all the cubature sample vectors; the prior estimate state and covariance prediction are based on the weighted statistics of these integrated cubature sample vectors and the Gauss–Legendre approximation scheme. The new square root form CD-CKF is also derived and accurately implemented by combining with the modified variable stepsize NIRK. As the advantages of proposed approach, the complicated and error-prone processes of solving covariance differential equation or calculating derivatives are avoided, while the positive semi-definiteness of prior error covariance are numerically guaranteed. Simulations of traffic control scenarios further confirm the new approach’s superior filtering performance in both reliability and accuracy.     

Distribution-free composite Shewhart-GWMA Mann-Whitney charts for monitoring the process location

The Mann-Whitney (MW) statistic is one of the most recommended two-sample statistical tests when the assumption of normality fails to hold due to its robustness and fascinating properties especially when small sample sizes are involved. In order to improve the sensitivity of the generally weighted moving average (GWMA) monitoring scheme toward the detection of large shifts, in this paper, a new distribution-free phase II composite Shewhart-GWMA (CSG) scheme is proposed using the MW U statistic. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated using the average run-length (ARL) and average extra quadratic loss (AEQL) values through extensive simulations. The performance of this newly proposed monitoring scheme is found to be superior when compared to numerous memory-type MW schemes (some existing and others introduced in this paper) in many situations. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the implementation of the CSG MW U scheme using real-life data.     

MooseFS热备元数据节点设计与实现

针对MooseFS元数据节点的单点故障问题，对MooseFS源码进行改造，为其增加一个热备的备元数据节点，并通过主备之间同步元数据，备节点回放操作日志等技术使得备元数据节点内存中的元数据时刻跟主元数据节点保持一致。当主元数据节点发生故障切换到备元数据节点后，备元数据节点无需从本地加载元数据即可快速接替主元数据节点对外提供服务。测试结果表明，备元数据节点本地和内存中的元数据均与主元数据节点保持一致，且故障恢复时间小于1 s。     

降低G级油井水泥初始稠度的控制措施

通过优化油井水泥熟料、油井水泥粉磨工艺、控制比表面积、SO3含量，有效降低油井水泥初始稠度。通过对水泥成品存储条件和存储时间的研究，确定了适宜的水泥出厂时间及后续工地的储存条件，保证了产品使用满足工地需求。     

Option pricing under a jump-telegraph diffusion model with jumps of random size

ABSTRACT

We present a finite difference method to solve a system of two Partial-Integro Differential Equations which arise from pricing an option under a Jump-Telegraph Diffusion Model for the underlying asset, considering the risk-neutral valuation formula under an equivalent martingale measure. This system is fully discretized using an Implicit–Explicit two-time level scheme and quadrature formulas. The resulting two tridiagonal algebraic linear systems are solved recursively using the Thomas Algorithm. Some numerical results are presented and the numerical order of convergence for the method is estimated. Finally, the robustness of the method is validated against an exact solution obtained for a perturbed problem.     

A CCD-ADI method for two-dimensional linear and nonlinear hyperbolic telegraph equations with variable coefficients

In this paper, a combined compact finite difference method (CCD) together with alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme is developed for two-dimensional linear and nonlinear hyperbolic telegraph equations with variable coefficients. The proposed CCD-ADI method is second-order accurate in time variable and sixth-order accurate in space variable. For the linear hyperbolic equation, the CCD-ADI method is shown to be unconditionally stable by using the Von Neumann stability analysis. Numerical results for both linear and nonlinear hyperbolic equations are presented to illustrate the high accuracy of the proposed method.