Heterogeneously Catalyzed Methanolysis of Gmelina Seed Oil to Biodiesel

The heterogeneous catalysis of transesterification of gmelina seed oil to biodiesel is evaluated. The oil was extracted from the seeds with n‐hexane by solvent extraction and characterized to determine its physiochemical properties. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the effect of process variables on the biodiesel yield. The base‐activated clay catalyst performed as montmorillonite clay with the characteristic property of a Brønsted acid. It has an improved surface area after activation that enhanced its catalytic activity on transesterification reaction. Under optimal conditions, the biodiesel yield was 70.1 %, thus demonstrating that the model predicted well the biodiesel production.     

Interactions and complex stabilities of grape seed procyanidins with zein hydrolysate

The objective of this paper was to investigate the complex of grape seed procyanidins (GSP) with zein hydrolysate (ZH). The interaction was determined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The particle size, ζ-potential, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and stability test of the ZH-GSP complex were measured. The results of ITC, particle size and SEM suggested that there was a hydrogen bond-dominated interaction between GSP and ZH, and the ZH-GSP complex presented as a spherical shape with particle size of 234 nm, polydispersity index of 0.11 and ζ-potential of −46.4 mV. The results of the fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the fluorescence quenching effect of GSP on ZH was GSP concentration-dependent and the quenching process was mainly static quenching. The ZH-GSP complex had better physical stability in aqueous solution, and their solution was more stable than GSP solution under illumination and high-temperature treatment at 75°C.     

芜菁子挥发油、多糖的组成及挥发油抗菌活性的研究

目的用3种方法提取芜菁子挥发油,对挥发油的抗菌作用进行定性和定量分析,并对芜菁子挥发油及多糖的组成进行分析。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂萃取法和同时蒸馏萃取法提取芜菁子挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用法分析挥发油的组成。运用滤纸片扩散法和二倍稀释法检验芜菁子挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌的抑菌作用。利用水提醇沉法提取残渣中的多糖,酸水解后进行薄层分析。结果 3种方法提取的挥发油分别鉴别出21、7、14种成分。水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油中异硫氰酸酯类化合物占45.95%,同时蒸馏萃取法的为31.35%,溶剂萃取法提取挥发油无异硫氰酸酯类化合物。定性定量的抑菌实验结果显示,3种方法所得的挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌均有良好的抑制作用,水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油的抑菌效果最好。在高效G板上,以乙酸乙酯:异丙醇:水=26:14:7(V:V:V)为展开剂,芜菁子多糖的分离效果较好,可鉴别出芜菁子多糖中的果糖和半乳糖。结论芜菁子挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌均有一定的抑制作用,可能与其中含有异硫氰酸酯类和腈类化合物有关。