Quality‐relevant fault diagnosis with concurrent phase partition and analysis of relative changes for multiphase batch processes

Multiplicity of phases as indicated by changes of process characteristics is an inherent nature of many batch processes for both normal and fault cases. To more efficiently perform online fault diagnosis via reconstruction for multiphase batch processes, the phase nature and the relationship between normal and fault cases within each phase should be deeply addressed. This article proposes a quality‐relevant fault diagnosis strategy with concurrent phase partition and analysis of relative changes for multiphase batch processes. First, a concurrent phase partition algorithm is developed. The basic idea is to track the changes of process characteristics at normal and fault statuses jointly so that multiple sequential modeling phases are identified simultaneously for both normal and fault cases. Then, the relative changes from the normal status to each fault case are analyzed in each phase to reveal the specific fault effects more efficiently. The fault effects are decomposed in two different monitoring subspaces, principal subspace, and residual subspace, by capturing their different roles in removing out‐of‐control signals. The significant increases relative to the normal case are judged to be responsible for the concerned alarm monitoring statistics in each phase. The others are composed of general variations that are deemed to still follow normal rules and thus insignificant to remove alarm monitoring statistics. Those alarm‐responsible fault deviations are then used to develop reconstruction models which can more efficiently recover the fault‐free part for online fault diagnosis. The proposed algorithm is illustrated with a typical multiphase batch process with one normal case and three fault cases. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2048–2062, 2014     

建筑节能并行设计方法探讨

在分析建筑节能设计信息模型的基础上,介绍了建筑节能并行设计微循环模型,分析了其设计过程的分解与修正,提出适用于建筑节能并行设计的回溯搜索策略,最终使设计效率得到提高。     

建设项目设计与施工整合的动因与机制

建设项目的专业分工导致了设计与施工的分离,从而引发成本增加、工期延长等许多问题,而业主对工程建设的短工期、低费用有着迫切要求,因此需要一个整合的管理模式.本文通过分析设计与施工整合的动因,提出了整体化组织机制和整合的工作机制,以期提高工程建设的效率.     

广东电力市场交易系统设计与实现

为落实广东省政府关于深化电力体制改革的有关部署,规范电力市场交易管理,扩大电力大用户与发电企业直接交易电量规模,设计并实现了广东电力市场交易系统。该系统的设计以确保广东电力市场交易工作执行的公平性、交易运行的安全性、稳定性和经济性为目标,应用先进、安全的信息技术手段保证系统运行的高性能与安全性。该系统实现了对广东大用户直购电客户管理、双边协商交易、月度集中竞争交易、合同签订及结算管理等全方位的线上技术支持。自该系统投运以来,运行效果显著,已经成为广东电力交易中心不可或缺的技术支持平台。     

电动汽车参与电力系统优化调度的谈判策略

以电动汽车为代表的灵活电力负荷参与电力系统优化调度可以改善系统运行的经济性,对于这类负荷电力公司或相关管理机构应给予适当的经济激励。考虑到电动汽车代理商与电力系统调度机构之间的信息不对称,这部分经济激励应该由电力公司和电动汽车车主代理通过谈判来确定。在此背景下,研究了电动汽车代理商与电力公司针对电动汽车参与日前优化调度的谈判策略。首先,建立了计及电动汽车代理商参与系统优化调度的数学模型和电动汽车代理商的充电需求模型。之后,根据电动汽车代理商和电力公司分别对电动汽车参与系统优化调度为电力公司带来的收益和电动汽车代理可能遭受的损失的估计,分别给出了其谈判报价策略和报价调整策略。最后,以修改的IEEE 30节点系统为例,对所提出的电动汽车代理商谈判策略进行了仿真分析,说明了所提方法的基本特征。     

LabWindows/CVI多线程技术的应用

LabWindows/CVI多线程技术可保证并发任务的顺利执行。多线程技术解决了并发任务之间的冲突问题,能大幅提高工作效率。针对多个线程之间数据共享与传递,提供了良好的数据保护机制。文中对数据保护的机制与具体实现方法进行了阐述,结合多线程技术完成了仪器自动控制界面开发,试验证明,多线程技术的优势在并发任务系统中得到良好的体现。     

A non‐repudiable negotiation protocol for security service level agreements

Security service level agreements (SSLAs) provide a systematic way for end users at home or in the office to guarantee sufficient security level when doing business or exchanging sensitive personal or organizational data with an online service. In this paper, we propose an SSLA negotiation protocol that implements non‐repudiation with cryptographic identities and digital signatures and includes features that make it resistant to denial of service attacks. The basic version of the protocol does not rely on the use of a trusted third party, and it can be used for all kinds of simple negotiations. For the negotiation about SSLAs, the protocol provides an option to use an external knowledge base that may help the user in the selection of suitable security measures. We have implemented a prototype of the system, which uses JSON Web Signature for the message exchange and made some performance tests with it. The results show that the computational effort required by the cryptographic operations of the negotiation protocol remains at a reasonable level. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

并发程序中数据竞争检测方法

针对数据竞争检测过程中的误报和漏报问题，提出一种静态数据竞争检测方法。首先，使用控制流分析自动构造线程内和线程间函数调用图；然后，收集线程内变量访问事件信息，定义竞争产生条件并分析检测出所有可能的竞争；其次，为了提高检测的准确率，进行别名变量和别名锁的分析降低漏报和误报；最后，通过控制流分析来抽象访问事件之间的时序关系，并结合程序切片技术对访问事件的发生序关系进行判断，以此避免因忽略线程交互带来的误报。依据该方法，使用Java语言在Soot软件分析框架下实现了一个数据竞争检测工具。在实验中，对JGF和IBM Contest基准测试套件中的raytracer和airline等程序进行数据竞争检测，并与目前已有的数据竞争检测算法和工具（HB算法和RVPredict）进行对比。实验结果表明，与HB算法和RVPredict工具相比，该方法检测到的数据竞争总数分别增加了81%和16%，数据竞争检测的准确率分别提升了约14%和19%，有效地避免了数据竞争检测中的漏报和误报现象。     

Improving negotiations with bar charts: The advantages of priority awareness

Negotiations seldom lead to optimal results for the negotiators. The missing knowledge about the priorities of the negotiating parties is one known reason for this. This experimental study examines the effects of priority awareness on different measures of negotiation outcomes. Priority awareness is the awareness of one negotiator about the priorities of the other negotiator. One hundred thirty-two participants were randomly assigned to negotiation pairs in an experimental condition with priority awareness – created implicitly through the usage of an ordinary bar chart – or a control condition without priority awareness. They took over the roles of a car seller or buyer and negotiated within an experimental negotiation support system. They were neither explicitly instructed to use the bar chart in the negotiation or about its benefits, nor were they restricted in sharing any kind of information. The experimental condition showed not only a significantly higher negotiation performance in the form of joint outcome and pareto efficiency than the control condition, but also a higher impasse rate. Creating awareness about each other's priorities in a negotiation has a positive effect on the negotiation performance without noticeable negative effects on satisfaction with, or fairness and duration of, the negotiation.     

KEMNAD: A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING METHODOLOGY FOR NEGOTIATING AGENT DEVELOPMENT

Automated negotiation is widely applied in various domains. However, the development of such systems is a complex knowledge and software engineering task. So, a methodology there will be helpful. Unfortunately, none of existing methodologies can offer sufficient, detailed support for such system development. To remove this limitation, this paper develops a new methodology made up of (1) a generic framework (architectural pattern) for the main task, and (2) a library of modular and reusable design pattern (templates) of subtasks. Thus, it is much easier to build a negotiating agent by assembling these standardized components rather than reinventing the wheel each time. Moreover, because these patterns are identified from a wide variety of existing negotiating agents (especially high impact ones), they can also improve the quality of the final systems developed. In addition, our methodology reveals what types of domain knowledge need to be input into the negotiating agents. This in turn provides a basis for developing techniques to acquire the domain knowledge from human users. This is important because negotiation agents act faithfully on the behalf of their human users and thus the relevant domain knowledge must be acquired from the human users. Finally, our methodology is validated with one high impact system.