一种有效折扣证据源的冲突证据合成方法

为解决证据组合规则中一票否决和弱决策证据在低冲突情况下出现的反直观推理的现象，提出一种有效折扣证据源的冲突证据合成方法。首先根据证据的信任函数和似然函数求得证据间的相似度，然后求出证据之间的支持程度，并确定折扣因子，最后采用Dempster组合规则合成利用折扣因子修正后的证据源。数值算例分析结果表明，改进后的证据组合方法可以有效地处理证据冲突。     

Using enterprise social media to investigate the effect of workplace conflict on employee creativity

Enterprise social media (ESM) has been commonly used by businesses and companies to provide a framework for communication and cooperation among individuals. However, studies have presented vague results related to the characteristics of ESM usage, which may be beneficial for workplace managers to enhance individual creativity. This study uses primary data from 346 Chinese employees working in different companies to assess the role of ESM usage in managing workplace conflict. Findings show that ESM usage has negative and insignificant effects on task and relationship conflicts, respectively. In addition, relationship conflict has a negative effect on individual creativity, while task conflict shows a curvilinear relationship with creativity. Task interdependence strengthens the relationship between ESM use and task conflict, but shows an insignificant relationship between ESM use and relationship conflict. Lastly, this research discusses the theoretical and managerial implications.     

The visual impact of augmented reality during an assembly task

Many studies have shown the benefits of augmented reality (AR) to improve manufacturing and control processes in industry. However, the presentation of AR content through optical see-through head-mounted displays may induce unnatural viewing conditions, which consequences on the user’s visual system have not been investigated yet. This study aimed at assessing whether using AR instructions to guide a manual task, i.e., conditions where the user is forced to repeatedly look at and accommodate in different planes to extract information from both real and virtual environments, could potentially impact the visual system of operators. A before/after design study was carried out, asking 26 participants to perform Lego assemblies for 30 min with either paper or AR instructions. The effects of using AR compared to paper instructions were evaluated both on binocular vision, with classical optometric measurements, and on visual fatigue, with the Virtual Reality Symptoms Questionnaire. No clinically significant differences in optometric measurements (far/near visual acuity, stereoacuity, phoria, convergence, fusional amplitude, accommodation amplitude, accommodative convergence) have been found between AR and paper instructions, and only negligible fatigue symptoms have been seen specifically for AR. Results from both objective and subjective measurements suggest that there is no impact of AR on the oculomotor system and that, in this specific case of use, AR can be safely used for production operators.     

分布式交互技术在虚拟培训中的研究与应用

生活中大量虚拟培训系统仅适用于单人培训使用,难以满足那些需要人与人之间进行协调完成的工作的培训要求,文中提出一种适用于虚拟培训的分布式交互技术应用方法,对互操作性,分布性以及时空一致性等问题进行分析比较,目的是为了满足多人在同一虚拟场景中进行模拟培训操作的要求。最后以传统模拟驾驶器为试验对象,建立一个可供异地多用户同时参与实时交互、协同工作的分布式虚拟环境。实验结果表明,分布式交互技术应用于虚拟培训中,能够弥补传统虚拟培训系统的不足,提高人们协同工作的能力。     

Translating moral orders: putting moral conflict theory in conversation with actor–network theory

Moral conflict theory explains deep moral differences and patterns of communication commonly associated with such conflicts. Moral conflict is defined as a struggle between humans, but we argue that the objects of contention in such intractable conflicts, including texts, physical objects, and places, assume a force of their own. We use actor–network theory to help explain this eventuality and to expand our understanding of moral conflict. Combining actor–network theory literature with moral conflict theory literature helps us understand the complexity of moral orders and the networks of actors involved in the construction of moral conflict. This expansion of literature also allows us to conceive of more possibilities for transcendent discourse.     

基于发明问题解决理论的食品药品生产质量管理研究

发明问题解决理论(theory of the solution of inventive problems, TRIZ)被引入非技术领域并与管理领域的结合加快了人们突破思维定势, 从不同的角度去分析解决问题的步伐。本文针对食品药品生产质量管理的基本概况, 从食品药品生产和质量管理的基本准则GMP认证发展历程及构成维度两方面进行了简要分析。针对我国食品药品生产质量管理过程中存在的问题, 从人员、设备、物料、法(文件体系)和环境5个方面进行分析并总结了主要改进参数, 并从TRIZ的通用工程参数与食品药品生产质量管理参数的关系中, 给出食品药品生产质量管理的管理参数及对应的冲突解决矩阵。以期为食品药品生产质量管理的实证方面开展深入的TRIZ研究提供参考。     

建筑业从业人员工作家庭关系研究综述

建筑业从业人员因工作地点不稳定、工作压力大、工作时间长等原因,往往对工作投入过多而难以承担家庭责任,从而无法平衡工作家庭关系。简要介绍工作家庭间的冲突、增益与平衡关系,并通过文献综述,梳理了建筑业从业人员工作家庭关系研究现状,总结了目前常用的研究方法和重要结论。研究认为未来应重点关注建筑行业核心特征与员工个体差异的影响,并注重应用多样化的研究方法。本研究有助于提升对建筑人员工作家庭关系现状的认识,为研究解决中国建筑业从业人员工作家庭关系失衡问题奠定基础。     

基于Poulos解的交叉厂房柱桩基础设计

以某炼钢厂房设计为工程背景,采用Poulos和Boussinesq弹性理论计算桩土刚度,采用Reissner厚板理论分析桩基础承台,并利用该方法对交叉厂房柱的桩基础的总体沉降、差异沉降、桩顶反力、承台内力等结果进行了计算。通过总结分析结果,验证了规范的结论,并分析了此类基础的规律,以期为类似工程的设计提供有益的参考。     

The ‘desiccator difficulty’: surprise,indignation and the local politics of planning for sanitary technology in nineteenth century Melbourne

ABSTRACT

‘Desiccators’, large machines that used steam and beaters to reduce waste into powder that could be sold as fertilizer, were one solution put forward in response to late nineteenth century Melbourne’s sanitation problems. Despite some initial enthusiasm for them, challenges with finding locations for desiccators were soon dubbed the ‘Desiccator Difficulty’. The ‘Desiccator Difficulty’ is one, all but forgotten, story of the fragmented governance contributing to Melbourne’s delays in coordinating a metropolitan sewerage system. This paper examines desiccators as a story with parallels in and legacies for planning today. It focuses on the role of local property-based conflicts – arguing these constituted emergent forms of planning, underscoring an increasing urban separation and control later embodied in metropolitan planning and infrastructure. Fragmented standoffs and bylaws also rationalized spatial disparities – with suburban municipalities refusing to house desiccators, nightsoil was sent to outer shires for decades. The paper argues Melbourne’s socio-technical transition to metropolitan sewerage and governance occurred not because water-borne technology was necessarily superior, but because legal assumptions and property interests made alternatives difficult to maintain. Desiccators are examples of ‘muddling’ details that belie simple narratives of technological change, and which have implications for how wider urban environmental change occurs and is understood.     

项目中的冲突管理

讨论了项目管理中常见的冲突问题,分析了冲突产生的原因,阐述了缓和、退让、折衷、强制等处理冲突的几种明确办法,并提出了涉及两方冲突的典型管理策略,以保证项目管理的顺利进行。