Farmers' preferences for adopting on-farm concentration of raw milk: Results from a discrete choice experiment in Germany

Milk concentrates are used in the manufacturing of dairy products such as yogurt and cheese or are processed into milk powder. Processes for the nonthermal separation of water and valuable milk ingredients are becoming increasingly widespread at farm level. The technical barriers to using farm-manufactured milk concentrate in dairies are minimal, hence the suspicion that the practice of on-farm raw milk concentration is still fairly uncommon for economic reasons. This study, therefore, set out to investigate farmers' potential willingness to adopt a raw milk concentration plant. The empirical analysis was based on discrete choice experiments with 75 German dairy farmers to identify preferences and the possible adoption of on-farm raw milk concentration. The results showed that, in particular, farmers who deemed the current milk price to be insufficient viewed on-farm concentration using membrane technology as an option for diversifying their milk sales. We found no indication that adoption would be impeded by a lack of trustworthy information on milk processing technologies or capital.     

水产品及其制品中大西洋鲑鱼实时荧光PCR检测方法建立

目的:三文鱼营养丰富,含有ω-3不饱和脂肪酸,深受大众喜爱,但存在产品标签标示错误、掺伪掺假、以次充好的现象。目前采用检测标准SN/T 3589.7—2013《出口食品中常见鱼类及其制品的鉴伪方法第七部》对鲑鱼成分检测,无法区分大西洋鲑鱼和其他种类的三文鱼。因此有必要建立一种用于区分上述几种三文鱼的快速检测方法。方法:研究建立了针对大西洋鲑鱼成分鉴定的实时荧光PCR法,并对该方法的特异性和检出限进行了验证。结果:该方法具有良好的特异性,检出限为1%(w/w)。结论:可应用于大西洋鲑鱼的日常检测,为监管部门提供技术支持。     

Co?N graphene encapsulated cobalt catalyst for H2O2 decomposition under acidic conditions

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) has been listed as one of the 100 most important chemicals in the world. However, huge amount of residual H₂O₂ is hard to timely decomposed into O₂ and H₂O under acidic condition, easily resulting in explosion hazard. Here, we reported a core–shell structure catalyst, that is graphene with Co N structure encapsulated Co nanoparticles. Co N graphene shell serves as the active site for the H₂O₂ decomposition, and Co core further enhance this decomposition. Benefiting from it, the H₂O₂ decomposition were close to 100% after 6 cycles without pH adjustment, which increased 6 orders of magnitude compared with no catalyst. At the same time, the O₂ generation reached 99.67% in 2 h with little metal leaching, and ·OH has been greatly inhibited to only 0.08%. This work can cleanly remove H₂O₂ with little deep oxidation and protect the process of H₂O₂ utilization to achieve a safer world.     

An integrated approach for aircraft turbofan engine fault detection based on data mining techniques

The present study proposes an algorithm for fault detection in terms of condition‐based maintenance with data mining techniques. The proposed algorithm is applied on an aircraft turbofan engine using flight data and consists of two main sections. In the first section, the relationship between engine exhaust gas temperature (EGT) as the main engine health monitoring criterion and other operational and environmental parameters of the engine was modelled using the data‐driven models. In the second section, a data set including EGT residuals, that is, the difference between the actual EGT of the system and the EGT estimated by the developed model in the health conditions of the engine, was created. Finally, faults occurring in each flight were detected based on the identification of abnormal events by a one‐class support vector machine trained by the health condition EGT residual data set. The results indicated that the proposed algorithm was an effective approach for inspecting aircraft engine conditions and detecting faults, with no need for technical knowledge on the interior characteristics of the aircraft engine.     

Hydrocarbon accumulation period and geochemical discrimination of gas-bearing properties of deep tight sandstone in Kuqa depression,China

In order to clarify the hydrocarbon accumulation period of deep tight sandstone in Dabei-Keshen area of Kuqa depression, and to develop identification methods of reservoir fluid properties, a series of experiments were carried out. The results show that hydrocarbon inclusions are less distributed, and gaseous hydrocarbon is mainly methane. Hydrocarbon has been continuously charged since 12?Ma in Dabei gas field, and one main period of accumulation took place during 6–4?Ma for Keshen gas field. Late accumulation may limit the application of hydrocarbon inclusions abundance, rock soluble salt components to distinguish reservoir fluid properties. Carbon isotope composition of carbonate cement in tight sandstone is an effective indicator for gas-bearing properties. For gas layer, the carbon isotope is lighter than ?1.5‰ and ?2.5‰ for Dabei and Keshen gas field receptively.     

Distant Supervised Relation Extraction with Cost-Sensitive Loss

Recently, many researchers have concentrated on distant supervision relation extraction (DSRE). DSRE has solved the problem of the lack of data for supervised learning, however, the data automatically labeled by DSRE has a serious problem, which is class imbalance. The data from the majority class obviously dominates the dataset, in this case, most neural network classifiers will have a strong bias towards the majority class, so they cannot correctly classify the minority class. Studies have shown that the degree of separability between classes greatly determines the performance of imbalanced data. Therefore, in this paper we propose a novel model, which combines class-to-class separability and cost-sensitive learning to adjust the maximum reachable cost of misclassification, thus improving the performance of imbalanced data sets under distant supervision. Experiments have shown that our method is more effective for DSRE than baseline methods.