我国水-能源-粮食耦合关系及影响因素

为缓解我国水、能源和粮食资源紧张问题，促进资源可持续利用，构建水-能源-粮食系统，利用耦合协调度模型对我国的30个省（自治区、直辖市）进行测算,并利用空间杜宾模型分析主要影响因素。结果表明：2003—2017年，我国能源、粮食评价[JP]指数高于水资源评价指数，系统综合评价指数逐年递增；大部分省份耦合协调度处于初级协调水平且呈现逐年上升的态势，个别省份耦合协调度濒临失调；耦合协调度空间自相关性较强，虽有明显波动，但是呈现逐年加强的态势；影响耦合协调度的主要因素有从业人口数、固定资产投资额、人均生产总值、人口总数、[JP]文盲人口占比、工业污染排放、城镇化。     

Construction and analysis of photovoltaic directly coupled conditions in PEM electrolyzer

The Markov model and the PEM electrolyzer system model for directly coupled photovoltaic are combined to construct an efficient and reliable working condition that fits the fluctuation characteristics of solar energy. The working condition is designed through genetic algorithm so that the average coupling efficiency of the system can reach 98.8%. Then, the durability and recovery test are conducted on the basis of the constructed conditions. It is found that the attenuation rate at the current density of 1A/cm² under the photovoltaic fluctuating condition reached 7.8mV/h, which is twice that under the constant current condition. The charge transfer impedance (R_ct) is the main factor leading to the degradation. It is proved by the recovery experiment that the increase of R_ct is related to the pollution of metal ions. After pickling to remove some metal ions, R_ct can be significantly reduced by 46.8% and 65.2%, respectively. After the durability test, the voltammetric charges under the photovoltaic fluctuating condition and the constant current condition are reduced by 48.3% and 19.1% It indicates that the photovoltaic fluctuation condition will accelerate the attenuation of the effective reaction area of MEA, which is irreversible even after pickling. It can be observed from the SEM images that the catalyst layer of MEA has more obvious peeling under the photovoltaic fluctuation condition, which is not conducive to material transmission and destroys the transmission channel of ions and electrons. This result can provide a reliable reference for the coupling design of PEM electrolyzer and renewable energy in the future.     

地表径流速度对城市内涝影响规律

为分析地表径流速度对城市内涝的影响,采用一维地下排水管网与二维城区地形的动态耦合模型,选取大连市某排水区块作为研究区域,设置4种地表径流速度10种设计降雨场景,模拟分析在不同重现期设计降雨及不同地表径流速度下研究区的内涝积水特性。结果表明:随着地表径流速度降低,管道排水压力变小,管道排水达标率最高可提升48.05%,且降雨重现期越短,地表径流流速对管道排水压力的削减效果越明显;地表径流流速对检查井溢流量影响显著,随着地表径流速度降低,检查井溢流量峰值最高可减小2 750 m~3,峰现时间最长可滞后56 min,同时随着降雨重现期增长,地表径流流速对检查井溢流量的削减效果减弱;研究区低、高风险区淹没面积随地表径流速度降低,最高可分别减小1.64万、8.37万m~2,但中风险区淹没面积变化反复。     

电感耦合等离子发射光谱测定乳扇中的铝含量

目的 建立电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定乳扇中铝含量的分析方法。调查市售样品中铝的含量是否异常。方法 采用湿式消解法处理乳扇样品, 电感耦合等离子发射光谱测定样品中铝的含量, 同时进行精密度实验和加标回收实验。测定市场收集的乳扇样品中铝的含量, 并与严格按云南省地方标准(DBS 53/010-2016)制作的乳扇样品进行比较。结果 铝在0~10 mg/L范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数r达0.999928, 方法的检出限为0.5 mg/kg, 定量限为1.5 mg/kg, 精密度为2.5%~3.1%, 加标回收率在96.6%~105.0%之间。按地方标准制作的乳扇样品中铝含量较低, 在3.2~5.3 mg/kg之间, 部分市场收集的样品中铝含量偏高。结论 本方法操作简便、结果准确, 可作为乳扇中铝含量检测的方法。乳扇应严格按照地方标准制作。     

金属增材制造技术研究热点聚类分析

为深入分析金属增材制造技术分类和发展状况,采集中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)收录的核心期刊上的768篇科技文献,借助文献分析可视化软件CiteSpace,对关键词聚类进行了全景式描绘,构建金属增材制造技术知识图谱,揭示该技术研究分类以及演化趋势。     

蒸制时间对粉蒸肉挥发性风味成分的影响

采用氮气吹扫/捕集-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱-嗅闻仪联用法对一种粉蒸肉产品加工过程中挥发性风味物质进行测定以确定最佳蒸制时间。结果显示:未加热和分别蒸制30、60、90 min 4个粉蒸肉样品中共检测到77种挥发性风味物质,各阶段分别为69、43、50种和56种,共有物质33种。在加工过程中,挥发性物质的总含量呈现逐渐增加的趋势,由加热前的1 646.39μg/kg增加至2 657.10μg/kg,且3个加热时间样品中挥发性物质种类也逐渐增多。但是通过气味活度值(odor activity value,OAV)分析,对风味具有贡献的化合物(OAV0.1)含量均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在加热60 min时OAV最大。其中壬醛、癸醛和肉桂酸甲酯对粉蒸肉产品特征风味的形成贡献最大,构成了粉蒸肉的特征风味。主成分分析显示加热60 min样品与其他样品区分明显并且在第1、2主成分上贡献较高。总体来说蒸制60 min能使产品获得较好的风味。     

改进的多层感知机在客户流失预测中的应用

针对在传统的客户流失预测数据预处理中，使用one-hot编码处理离散属性导致数据维度增加及数据过于稀疏的问题，提出了两种基于多层感知机的改进后的客户流失预测模型。其主要思想是分别使用堆叠自编码器和实体嵌入两种方法对多层感知机进行改进，通过将离散属性的高维编码数据向低维空间映射，有效地减少了one-hot编码产生的稀疏数据，增加了离散属性值之间的关联度。在对两份公开的数据集进行交叉验证后的实验结果表明，改进后的模型既有效地提高了预测的准确度，又维持了传统多层感知机模型在并行化计算方面的优势。     

Development of a statistical model to classify driving stress levels using galvanic skin responses

Many studies have demonstrated the strong relationships between physiological responses and driving stress, but they have done little to build a model that could be used to identify a driver's stress accurately in real time. The objective of this study is to develop a model that accurately classifies driving stress by monitoring physiological responses—specifically galvanic skin response (GSR). GSR data were collected from nine drivers with licenses obtained in the US in real road driving situations with two stress conditions—rest period (low stress) and highway or city driving (high stress). The validation drive was performed by one driver with licenses obtained in South Korea in real long‐term road driving situations with two stress conditions—rural area (low stress) and highway or highway under construction (high stress). Those two conditions were used to build a binary logistic regression model to classify low stress or high stress based on a driver's measured hand GSR. The overall classification accuracy of the developed model was found to be 85.3%, and the accuracy of cross validation, with a testing dataset, was found to be 83.2%. A simple logit model was developed to identify drivers' stress by incorporating their GSR data. The developed model can be embedded in a wearable device equipped with GSR sensors for drivers to detect their stress level in real time.     

Microwave bandpass filter by feedback interference topology

This paper proposes a signal feedback interference topology to control the characteristics of a coupled line bandpass filter. Control is carried out by varying the ratio of the transmission line parameters of the forward and the feedback couplers. The topology produces a compact filter that does not require a complicated design or fabrication. The results of the insertion and return losses show that the feedback‐controlled design has desirable features in terms of the design frequency, fractional bandwidth, stopband rejection level, roll‐off rate and insertion loss. The test results of the fabricated prototype achieved good agreement with the simulation results of the ideal transmission line design model. Several microwave, modern wireless and mobile/satellite communication systems may benefit from such a filter design due to its compactness and flexibility.