侵入物高速撞击下铰链式动车组的安全性

为探究侵入物高速撞击下铰链式动车组的安全性,在实物三维扫描重构的基础上,构建一种新的活体三维有限元层叠模型,并在LS-DYNA中进行摆锤侧面碰撞分析验证;通过铰链式动车组与活体在110 km/h速度下的碰撞仿真计算,讨论动车组运行的安全性以及吸能装置的可靠性.结果 显示:活体的有限元层叠模型既能保证计算精度,又能提高计算效率;在110 km/h的碰撞速度下,车体加速度为0.117g,轮对抬升量为0.238 mm,车钩每5 m长度的压缩量最大约为1.89 mm.各项指标都低于EN 15227标准,动车组行车安全性没有受到影响,吸能装置也能可靠工作.     

基于Kriging模型的汽车车门抗撞性优化设计

提出汽车车门抗撞性优化设计的方法,利用拉丁方试验设计选择少量样本点,构建响应目标的近似模型,应用序列二次规划法进行结构优化。对比分析Kriging和多项式响应面两种近似模型对于车门侧撞响应的拟和误差,表明用Kriging模型构建车门抗撞性近似模型是合适的。计算结果表明提出的方法可以保证车门在满足抗撞性要求的前提下,实现轻量化设计。     

A system methodology for optimization design of the structural crashworthiness of a vehicle subjected to a high-speed frontal crash

The structural crashworthiness design of vehicles has become an important research direction to ensure the safety of the occupants. To effectively improve the structural safety of a vehicle in a frontal crash, a system methodology is presented in this study. The surrogate model of Online support vector regression (Online-SVR) is adopted to approximate crashworthiness criteria and different kernel functions are selected to enhance the accuracy of the model. The Online-SVR model is demonstrated to have the advantages of solving highly nonlinear problems and saving training costs, and can effectively be applied for vehicle structural crashworthiness design. By combining the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and Monte Carlo simulation, both deterministic optimization and reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) are conducted. The optimization solutions are further validated by finite element analysis, which shows the effectiveness of the RBDO solution in the structural crashworthiness design process. The results demonstrate the advantages of using RBDO, resulting in not only increased energy absorption and decreased structural weight from a baseline design, but also a significant improvement in the reliability of the design.     

不同碰撞模式的汽车正面结构抗撞性设计

讨论了全宽正面碰撞、斜角碰撞和偏置碰撞三种碰撞模式的特点。以某微型客车为例,基于模拟计算的方法分别按FMVSS208和ECER95法规要求考察了该微型客车(已满足全宽碰撞要求)30°斜角碰撞和40%偏置碰撞的结构抗撞性。对比原全宽碰撞数值模拟结果提出并验证了全面提高该车正面抗撞性的结构措施和评价指标。     

基于LS-DYNA的保险杠耐撞性虚拟试验研究

为提高某轿车保险杠的耐撞性,根据GB17354-1998标准,在LS-DYNA软件中建立虚拟碰撞试验的有限元模型,对不同车体边界条件、材料屈服强度和地面摩擦系数下的主梁和吸能盒变形以及系统内能进行了对比分析,探讨了这些参数对保险杠耐撞性的影响.研究表明:依据实际试验情况,车体边界条件应设为不固定;合理组合主梁和吸能盒的屈服强度可提高保险杠耐撞性;地面摩擦系数增大,保险杠吸能量增加.     

Numerical simulation of impact behaviour of structures with response adapted to the intensity of shock

This study presents an alternative approach for the absorption of impact energy that uses the internal pressurization of structures in the framework of a crash‐adaptive response. Numerical simulations were conducted on axial impact of thin‐walled tubular structures with circular cross section that serve as an approximation to a front crash box of a motor vehicle. The main objective of this work consists in studying the effect of internal pressurization of tubular structures in a crashworthiness application, as well as the possibility to obtain a reduction in wall thickness thus improving weight efficiency. A numerical study is presented for an internal pressure of 20 bar and tubular structures of circular section and 1.14 mm thickness. Numerical simulations were performed recurring to LS‐DYNA explicit dynamics software while considering for the material a stainless steel alloy that is a material with interest for crashworthiness applications and manufacturing requisites due to its balance between strength, ductility and energy absorption. The results obtained allow concluding that recurring to internal pressurization it is feasible to reduce the wall thickness and have an impact resistance identical to the original while improving overall efficiency.     

Topology optimization for nonlinear dynamic problems: Considerations for automotive crashworthiness

Crashworthiness of automotive structures is most often engineered after an optimal topology has been arrived at using other design considerations. This study is an attempt to incorporate crashworthiness requirements upfront in the topology synthesis process using a mathematically consistent framework. It proposes the use of equivalent linear systems from the nonlinear dynamic simulation in conjunction with a discrete-material topology optimizer. Velocity and acceleration constraints are consistently incorporated in the optimization set-up. Issues specific to crash problems due to the explicit solution methodology employed, nature of the boundary conditions imposed on the structure, etc. are discussed and possible resolutions are proposed. A demonstration of the methodology on two-dimensional problems that address some of the structural requirements and the types of loading typical of frontal and side impact is provided in order to show that this methodology has the potential for topology synthesis incorporating crashworthiness requirements.     

功能梯度金属泡沫填充管在冲击载荷下的高效吸能

研究功能梯度泡沫填充管(FGFTs)在落锤冲击载荷作用下的变形行为和耐撞性.采用液态工艺制备的闭孔泡沫铝、A356合金泡沫和锌泡沫作为轴向梯度填料,用于制备不同构造的单层和多层结构.结果表明,多层泡沫填充管的变形由低强度部位开始,然后通过应力的逐渐增加在高强度部位中扩展.使用更多的A356合金和泡沫铝层可为梯度结构提供...     

Crushing behaviour of the energy absorbing 'tensor skin' panels

ABSTRACT Research results concerning the simulation of the crushing behaviour of composite systems with energy absorption characteristics are presented in the present work. The study is focused on the ‘tensor skin’ concept, an energy absorbing composite system that was originally developed to improve the crashworthiness of helicopters under water impact and which is promising for utilization in the construction of the lower part of composite fuselage aircraft. The ‘tensor skin’ concept comprises a folded or corrugated composite construction, which upon loading unfolds by forming ‘plastic hinges’, leading to an increase in the load bearing capability of the structure. The numerical modelling issues and the critical aspects of the simulation are discussed. Verification of the numerical simulation procedure is performed by experimental work. The experimental results utilized to assess and validate the numerical procedure were derived within the European Research Project ‘Design for Crash Survivability – CRASURV’ (BRITE – Aeronautics Area). The results of the simulations are generally in good agreement with experimental data.     

汽车车身耐撞性设计参数的区间稳健性优化

基于区间分析,提出了一种考虑公差的汽车车身耐撞性稳健优化设计模型,可在有效降低耐撞性能对设计参数波动敏感性的同时实现公差范围的最大化。该模型首先利用对称公差来描述汽车碰撞模型中车身关键耐撞部件的主要尺寸、位置和形状等设计参数本身的不确定性,然后将参数设计和公差设计相结合,建立了以稳健性评价指标和公差评价指标为优化目标,设计变量名义值和公差同步优化的多目标优化模型。再次,利用区间可能度处理不确定约束,将该优化模型转换为确定性多目标优化模型。最后,将该模型应用于两个汽车耐撞性优化设计问题,并通过序列二次规划法和改进的非支配排序遗传算法进行求解,结果表明该方法及稳健优化设计模型可行且实用。