A red code triggers an unintended approach motivation toward sweet ultra-processed foods: Possible implications for front-of-pack labels

Front-of-package labels (FOPL) are recommended to reduce consumer intake of ultra-processed food products (UPP). The multiple traffic-light label is one example of FOPL that indicates the content of target nutrients in products by displaying red (high), amber (medium), and/or green (low) color-coding. The red code may implicitly enhance sweetness perception and approach dispositions toward sweet UPP via cross-modal visual-taste interactions. We conducted two experiments to examine the possibility of contradictory influence of explicitly learned and implicit cross-modal associations on the emotional responses evoked by UPP pictures. In both experiments, we first explicitly associated the color codes with health-related meanings. In Experiment I (n = 78), a psychometric tool estimated the emotional responses (pleasantness and arousal ratings) evoked by UPP pictures when preceded by red, amber, or green color-codes. In Experiment II (n = 24), we recorded participants’ electrocortical brain activity to assess the early posterior negativity (EPN) component as an index of the emotional responses to UPP. The reported pleasantness (Experiment I) and the EPN amplitude (Experiment II) were greater for sweet UPP relative to salty UPP when primed with red codes but not when primed with green or amber. A red code increased positive emotions toward sweet UPP despite its explicit association with increased health-risks. Thus, the use of multiple traffic-lights might lead to an unintended implicit approach behavior toward sweet UPP. Designers, researchers, and policy makers may consider color-taste cross-modal associations when designing, testing, and applying FOPL.     

跨模态脑图谱数据融合研究进展

脑图谱是研究脑结构和功能及脑疾病的基础,不同类型的脑图谱从不同角度提供了脑的组织模式或连接信息。随着图像采集和生物检测技术的发展,不同模态的脑影像和生物组学数据迅速增长。相较于单模态,多模态融合数据能够同时考察不同模态数据间的多元化信息,挖掘蕴含的未知新信息。因此,开展跨模态脑图谱数据融合研究有助于更全面地理解大脑的结构和功能,并辅助加深对脑发育、老化和病变机理的理解。本文根据参与融合的模态是否具有空间信息,将近年来有代表性的跨模态脑图谱融合技术分为脑影像融合和脑数据融合两大类。脑影像融合是指对宏观脑影像(磁共振等)和组织学脑影像(胞体染色、轴突染色等)等具有空间信息的数据进行融合,构建涵盖脑结构和功能信息的跨模态多尺度脑图谱,为研究宏观特征的介观机制以及介观特征的宏观表征提供了重要途径。脑数据融合是指对缺乏脑空间信息的生物大数据,包括基因组、电生理、认知和行为等,利用脑图谱提供精细空间信息,挖掘高维、异构生物大数据蕴含的信息,明确脑图谱的生理意义,并提升其应用价值。本文将针对这两类融合类型阐述国内外有代表性的研究进展,并对比国内外研究现状的差异。此外,为促进跨模态脑图谱数据融合领域的交流和发展,总结了部分有代表性的大样本公开数据集。最后讨论了当前该领域待解决的问题以及未来的发展趋势。     

Overcoming data locality: An in-memory runtime file system with symmetrical data distribution

In many-task computing (MTC), applications such as scientific workflows or parameter sweeps communicate via intermediate files; application performance strongly depends on the file system in use. The state of the art uses runtime systems providing in-memory file storage that is designed for data locality: files are placed on those nodes that write or read them. With data locality, however, task distribution conflicts with data distribution, leading to application slowdown, and worse, to prohibitive storage imbalance. To overcome these limitations, we present MemFS, a fully symmetrical, in-memory runtime file system that stripes files across all compute nodes, based on a distributed hash function. Our cluster experiments with Montage and BLAST workflows, using up to 512 cores, show that MemFS has both better performance and better scalability than the state-of-the-art, locality-based file system, AMFS. Furthermore, our evaluation on a public commercial cloud validates our cluster results. On this platform MemFS shows excellent scalability up to 1024 cores and is able to saturate the 10G Ethernet bandwidth when running BLAST and Montage.     

基于四元极谐变换矩与显著特征的图像鲁棒哈希算法

为了增强哈希序列对各种几何变换攻击的鲁棒性,设计基于四元极谐变换矩与显著特征的图像鲁棒哈希算法。引入线性插值与自适应Wiener滤波器,实现初始图像的预处理;计算预处理图像的颜色向量角度,并基于Fourier变换,得到其对应的幅度信息,以获取两个不同的频谱;计算两个频谱的残差,确定图像中的局部显著性区域;通过LBP算子,提取显著特征;基于四元极谐变换(Quaternion Polar Harmonic Transform,QPHT),获取预处理图像的QPHT矩;联合显著特征与QPHT矩,形成过渡哈希数组。引入Logistic映射,定义加密函数,实现对过渡哈希数组的加密,输出最终的哈希序列,以增强其抗碰撞性能。测量源图像与可疑图像之间的哈希序列所对应的l₂范数距离,并将其与优化阈值比较,对图像的真实性做出判断。在多种几何变换攻击下完成测试,输出数据显示:较当前准确性较高的哈希方法而言,该算法具有更理想的鲁棒性与识别准确率。     

一种基于SIFT的图像哈希算法

图像哈希是近年来颇受关注的一个研究热点,但现有的图像哈希算法普遍存在对几何攻击(主要包括尺度、旋转、剪切)鲁棒性不足的缺点,不能满足很多实际应用的需要.针对上述问题,提出了对几何攻击具有强鲁棒性的SIH图像哈希算法.本算法基于在图像匹配等领域得到广泛应用的SIFT算子,通过对SIFT特征向量进行有针对性的筛选和压缩、基于特征向量分布质心的量化生成图像摘要.为适应图像摘要构造的特性,设计了基于广义集合距的匹配算法来衡量图像摘要间的距离.在公开图像库上的实验结果表明,本算法对几何攻击和非几何攻击的鲁棒性均优于对比算法,可广泛服务于图像识别/认证类型的应用.     

基于一致哈希算法的用电信息采集系统研究

电网公司的用电信息采集系统具有数据量大、在线终端多、通道类型多和应用场景复杂等特点,传统的负载均衡的方式,在增加前置机或前置机故障时,终端协议处理都会发生大规模的迁移。文章提出了采用硬件负载均衡器实现通信负载均衡,采用一致哈希算法实现采集前置机的负载均衡;对哈希算法进行了分析比较,选择CRC32查表法,保证了哈希算法的高效、单调和均匀分布,在前置机发生变化时,仅有少数终端发生迁移,不发生终端大规模的迁移,确保负载均衡,保证了系统的稳定性和可靠性。     

食品包装视觉信息传达

为进一步形成科学的食品包装设计方法，为消费者提供更准确、快速的食品包装信息，文章通过整合国内外相关文献，综合分析了食品包装信息传达的三类关键线索：文字信息、食品意象和跨模态对应，指出文字信息在传达信息过程中更具优势，正面标语更具影响力，而其他详细信息会减少消费者认知偏差。文字更适合表达食品功能，而图片更适合表达感官诉求；其次，包装意象对消费者感知和反应的影响显著，视觉逼真度意味着更健康的选择；消费者对包装上食品的感知会影响其对包装内容物的评价，而跨模态对应研究是包装设计方法走向更科学、具体、精准的重要路径。     

Sparse spectral hashing

A better similarity index structure for high-dimensional feature datapoints is very desirable for building scalable content-based search systems on feature-rich dataset. In this paper, we introduce sparse principal component analysis (Sparse PCA) and Boosting Similarity Sensitive Hashing (Boosting SSC) into traditional spectral hashing for both effective and data-aware binary coding for real data. We call this Sparse Spectral Hashing (SSH). SSH formulates the problem of binary coding as a thresholding a subset of eigenvectors of the Laplacian graph by constraining the number of nonzero features. The convex relaxation and eigenfunction learning are conducted in SSH to make the coding globally optimal and effective to datapoints outside the training data. The comparisons in terms of F1 score and AUC show that SSH outperforms other methods substantially over both image and text datasets.