Numerical approach to analyze fluid flow in a type C tank for liquefied hydrogen carrier (part 1: Sloshing flow)

The demand for clean energy use has been increasing worldwide, and hydrogen has attracted attention as an alternative energy source. The efficient transport of hydrogen must be established such that hydrogen may be used as an energy source. In this study, we considered the influences of various parameters in the transportation of liquefied hydrogen using type C tanks in shipping vessels. The sloshing and thermal flows were considered in the transportation of liquefied hydrogen, which exists as a cryogenic liquid at ?253 °C. In this study, the sloshing flow was analyzed using a numerical approach. A multiphase sloshing simulation was performed using the volume of fluid method for the observation and analysis of the internal flow. First, a sloshing experiment according to the gas-liquid density ratio performed by other researchers was utilized to verify the simulation technique and investigate the characteristics of liquefied hydrogen. Based on the results of this experiment, a sloshing simulation was then performed for a type C cargo tank for liquefied hydrogen carriers under three different filling level conditions. The sloshing impact pressure inside of the tank was measured via simulation and subjected to statistical analysis. In addition, the influence of sloshing flow on the appendages installed inside of the type C tank (stiffened ring and swash bulkhead) was quantitatively evaluated. In particular, the influence of the sloshing flow inside of the type C tank on the appendages can be utilized as an important indicator at the design stage. Furthermore, if such sloshing impact forces are repeatedly experienced over an extended period of time under cryogenic conditions, the behavior of the tank and appendages must be analyzed in terms of fatigue and brittle failure to ensure the safety of the transportation operation.     

天然气提氦技术现状及建议

介绍了天然气提氦资源市场与技术现状,总结了天然气提氦工艺特点,综述公司天然气提氦技术的发展历程,并分析了该技术存在的主要问题,对下一步技术发展提出相关建议。     

厌氧接触+射流曝气+Fenton流化床技术处理制浆造纸废水运行实例

介绍厌氧接触+射流曝气+Fenton流化床技术处理制浆造纸生产废水的工程参数、运行效果和工程效益。六个月的运行数据显示,厌氧单元出水COD平均浓度为1321 mg·L^-1,平均去除率为61%;好氧单元出水COD浓度为185 mg·L^-1左右,平均去除率为78%;深度处理部分COD出水浓度为44 mg·L^-1,平均去除率为73%,可实现废水达标排放。     

火灾条件下拱顶油罐弱连接结构的失效分析

拱顶油罐受外部火焰烘烤发生失效爆炸，易造成严重人员伤亡和巨大经济损失。为对火灾条件下拱顶油罐的失效爆炸进行预警，通过高温材料力学性能实验平台对拱顶油罐弱连接结构进行破坏测试，得出不同火灾温度条件下弱连接结构失效的拉断力和应力值。实验结果表明，当温度高于300℃时，拉断力和失效应力值变化显著，其中450℃为变化峰值温度。在此基础上，构建了拱顶油罐失效压力计算模型，推导出了不同容积拱顶油罐在不同火灾温度下的失效压力。所得结果可作为拱顶油罐失效的判定依据，为油罐的爆炸预警提供数据支撑。     

多晶硅生产中残液搅拌罐密封结构的改造

在处理多晶硅生产中产生的残液时,残液搅拌罐填料密封出现泄漏,针对此问题提出了优化措施,达到了预期效果。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定牛奶及其制品中26种有害元素含量

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)同时测定牛奶及其制品中26种有害元素含量的分析方法。方法样品经过压力罐消解技术消化后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法结合内标元素法,分别测定纯牛奶、酸奶、奶粉等3种奶制品中26种元素的含量。结果在0～50μg/L线性范围内,26种元素的线性关系良好(r~20.999);方法平均加标回收率为86.8%～114%,各元素相对标准偏差均小于10.0%(n=6);方法检出限为4.2×10~(-6)～4.4×10~(-3) mg/kg。结论该方法前处理简便易行,精密度高、灵敏度高,准确快速,适用于牛奶及其制品中的有害元素测定。     

低温绝热气瓶绝热性能检测时间优化分析

蒸发率是用来检测低温绝热气瓶绝热性能是否合格的一个重要指标,但是目前仍存在检测时间较长的不足。依据一维传热模型,提出了一种基于一定检测时长的优化检测方法。该方法以少于24 h的实际检测数据作为样本来获取传热系数等部分参数,并利用获取的参数预测剩余时间的蒸发流量,最终实现缩短检测时间的目的。为了验证优化方法的有效性,搭建了恒温箱实验台并进行了相关试验测试。对比结果表明,计算结果与试验值符合良好,误差在5%以内,验证了模型的可靠性与实用性。     

D002强酸性离子交换树脂催化醇醛缩合生产甲缩醛的工艺模拟

基于连续搅拌反应器(CSTR),对D002离子交换树脂作催化剂反应合成甲缩醛的过程进行了模拟。在确定了参数的甲缩醛反应动力学模型的基础上,用Aspen Plus软件建立了CSTR流程。在甲醇进料流量为2kmol/h、甲醛进料流量为1kmol/h、水进料流量为4.44mol/h的条件下研究了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应器体积、反应器操作压力等因素对甲缩醛收率的影响。得到的优化工艺条件如下:催化剂质量分数为10%,反应温度为100℃,反应器体积为10m3,醇醛物质的量比为2:1,反应器操作压力为常压。采用优化的工艺参数后甲缩醛收率可达58.0%。