快速近似计算Shapley值的归因解释方法

Shapley值归因解释方法虽然能更准确量化解释结果, 但过高的计算复杂度严重影响了该方法的实用性. 本文引入KD树重新整理待解释模型的预测数据, 通过在KD树上插入虚节点, 使之满足TreeSHAP算法的使用条件, 在此基础上提出了KDSHAP方法. 该方法解除了TreeSHAP算法仅能解释树结构模型的限制, 将该算法计算Shapley值的高效性放宽到对所有的黑盒模型的解释中, 同时保证了计算准确度. 通过实验对比分析, KDSHAP方法的可靠性, 以及在解释高维输入模型时的适用性.     

建筑物掏土纠倾法单孔与多孔塑性区特性研究及工程应用

在建筑物水平掏土纠倾工程中，掏土孔间距是影响纠倾工程安全与工期的重要因素。为了快速准确地确定纠倾工程中的水平掏土孔间距，研究了单个掏土孔和多个掏土孔情况下孔周边土体塑性区发展特性。利用土体塑性力学分析计算得到了单孔下的孔周土塑性区半径，而后通过有限元模拟得到孔周土体塑性区半径的数值解，将孔周塑性区半径解析解与数值解进行了对比。并通过有限元数值模型研究了多个掏土孔相互影响情况下的塑性区发展规律，以孔间土体塑性区贯通时的距离作为掏土孔间距。考虑土体参数随机特性的影响，研究不同上部荷载作用下掏土孔间距的取值变化规律，上部面荷载与地基承载力特征值比值用p表示，孔间距与掏土孔直径比值用n表示。研究发现：多孔塑性区半径（孔间塑性区贯通时）是单孔塑性区半径的1.3倍左右;标准化荷载p与孔间距比值n二者呈线性关系;通过不同土体参数及上部荷载的不同情况下的p-n曲线，给出了掏土孔间距建议值。同时，将研究结果与三个实际工程进行对比，发现p-n曲线法与实际结果更为接近。     

Development of Phospholipids Vesicular Nanocarrier for Topical Delivery of Tea Tree Oil in Management of Atopic Dermatitis Using BALB/c Mice Model

This work aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) ethosomal cream with improved deposition in skin layers for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Ethosomes of TTO are developed using phosphatidylcholine (2% and 3% w/v) and ethanol (20%, 30%, and 40% w/v). Ethosomes are evaluated for percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), vesicle size, zeta potential, and in vitro drug diffusion. Ethosomal creams with optimized ethosomal dispersion are developed and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, thermal stability, ex vivo permeation, skin retention, and in vitro cytotoxicity using HaCat skin cell lines in comparison to conventional creams of TTO. In vivo investigations of optimized creams are performed using BALB/c mice model. The %EE, vesicle size, and zeta potential for optimized ethosomes are found to be 76.19 ± 3.26%, 333.6 nm, and –35.3 mV, respectively. Ethosomal creams showed higher deposition in the epidermis and dermis. The optimized creams are non-cytotoxic to HaCat cell lines. The creams significantly reduce the inflammatory response by decreasing the clinical score and infiltration of white blood cells, eosinophils, and IgE antibodies. Overall efficacy of ethosomal cream is higher than conventional cream. In conclusion, optimized ethosomal cream of TTO shows good efficacy for treatment of AD. Practical applications : The method used for the formulation of ethosomes is simple and can be easily scaled up on the industrial level. The loading of TTO within ethosomes can increase the efficiency by enhanced drug deposition in the epidermis and might also improve its stability against oxidative degradation. Topical ethosomal cream of TTO can improve patient compliance by avoidance of adverse effects linked with corticosteroids and could be a possible complementary or alternative therapy in management of AD.     

Simulation and energy optimization of the stabilizer tower of a pyrolysis gasoline hydrogenation unit

Energy optimization of second distillation tower of a pyrolysis gasoline hydrogenation unit has been studied by the thermal cycle of vapor recompression method. The mentioned cycle is connected to the second distillation tower of the stabilizer of pyrolysis gasoline, and the results are found promising. The composite pinch curve for both the current and the optimized methods are shown. Moreover, an increase in the heat transfer rate in heat exchanger E-1014 causes energy recovery in reboiler. According to simulation results, by vapor recompression to 1970 kPa and using this heat source for thermal integration, condenser and reboiler’s energies are decreased by 56.93 and 30.4 percentage, respectively.     

Learning Association Rules and Tracking the Changing Concepts on Webpages: An Effective Pornographic Websites Filtering Approach

We applied the decision tree algorithm to learn association rules between webpage’s category (pornographic or normal) and the critical features. Based on these rules, we proposed an efficient method of filtering pornographic webpages with the following major advantages: 1) a weighted window-based technique was proposed to estimate for the condition of concept drift for the keywords found recently in pornographic webpages; 2) checking only contexts of webpages without scanning pictures; 3) an incremental learning mechanism was designed to incrementally update the pornographic keyword database.     

30CrNi3MoV钢的热变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对30CrNi3MoV钢进行单向热压缩试验,研究了其在变形温度950~1150 ℃、应变速率0.01~10 s^-1的热变形行为,构建了应变补偿型流变应力本构方程,并绘制出该钢的热加工图。结果表明,30CrNi3MoV钢真应力-真应变曲线有3种不同特征:高温小应变速率时,表现为典型的动态再结晶过程;低温小应变速率时,曲线为动态回复特征;应变速率较大时,应力随应变的增大而增大,无明显的峰值应力。采用5次多项式拟合构建的应变耦合流变应力本构方程具有高的精确度,采用该方程获得的预测值与试验值的平均相对误差为3.2%,相关性系数R值为0.993。从热加工图中得到试验钢最佳的热加工工艺参数范围是:变形温度为1020~1150 ℃、应变速率为0.03~0.35 s^-1。     

井下安全阀力学性能分析

井下安全阀对安全性和可靠性要求较高。以渤海油田常用油管携带式井下安全阀为分析对象,对其工作压力、地面控制压力、全开启和全关闭压力、最大下入深度和自平衡能力等关键力学性能进行分析。井下安全阀的工作压力值与地面液控压力值相等,其选取依据为井口压力; 全开启和全关闭液控压力值可通过压力曲线法得到; 最大下入深度取决于弹簧安装时的预紧力; 自平衡能力与活塞面积和自平衡孔面积的比值有关,比值越大,自平衡能力越强。