A framework for improving the efficiency of operational testing through Bayesian adaptive design

When developing a product, it is important to consider product performance from a user perspective. This type of evaluation can be done through operational testing—assessing the ability of representative users to satisfactorily accomplish tasks with the product in operationally representative environments. This process can be expensive and time-consuming, but is critical to understanding whether the product can adequately do the job for which it was designed. We show how an existing design of experiments (DOEs) process for operational testing can be leveraged to construct a Bayesian adaptive design. This design, nested within the larger design created by the DOE process, allows interim analyses to stop testing early for success or futility. Representative simulations are presented to demonstrate how these interim analyses can be used in an operational test setting, and reductions in necessary test events are shown. The application of Bayesian-adaptive design methods will allow future operational testing to be conducted in less time and at less expense, on average, without compromising the ability of the existing process to verify the product meets the user's needs.     

Peptide-Mimicking Poly(2-oxazoline)s Displaying Potent Antimicrobial Properties

Poly(2-oxazoline)s have excellent biocompatibility and have been used as FDA-approved indirect food additives. The inert property of the hydrophilic poly(2-oxazoline)s suggests them as promising substitutes for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in various applications such as anti-biofouling agents. It was recently reported that poly(2-oxazoline)s themselves have antimicrobial properties as synthetic mimics of host defense peptides. These studies revealed the bioactive properties of poly(2-oxazoline)s as a new class of functional peptide mimics, by mimicking host defense peptides to display potent and selective antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus both in vitro and in vivo, without concerns about antimicrobial resistance. The high structural diversity, facile synthesis, and potent and tunable antimicrobial properties underscore the great potential of poly(2-oxazoline)s as a class of novel antimicrobial agents in dealing with drug-resistant microbial infections and antimicrobial resistance.     

浅谈枪支(弹药)库室电子技防测试

一个完整枪支(弹药)库室的安全防范由管理要求、物防要求、技防要求及人防要求完美的结合而成,其中技防要求是需要根据枪支(弹药)库室现场实体情况采取的一项电子技术手段,是起到安全预报警的最佳方式。本文就枪支(弹药)库室安全防范在技防要求方面按现行GA 1016-2012标准在检测中存在的问题做一些探讨、建议,以期为需要枪支(弹药)库室的建设单位、施工单位提供参考。     

Moving pentagons on nanocones

Abstract

Fullerenes are made by the intersection of twelve pentagonal nanocones. This note deals with an innovative isomeric mechanism, based on a sequence of Stone-Wales rotations, for moving the pentagonal face on the cusp of the nanocone. The modified nanocone is the seed for creating new fullerenes with different symmetry and size. Present results may help to model fullerene formation and, on the pure algorithmic side, may contribute to evolve the computer tools that generate fullerenes. This mechanism may also find application in mimicking the behaviors of biological systems that, like many viruses, are also describable in terms of spherical cages tiled by polygons.     

Invasion and Defense Interactions between Enzyme‐Active Liquid Coacervate Protocells and Living Cells

The design and construction of mutual interaction models between artificial microsystems and living cells have the potential to open a wide range of novel applications in biomedical and biomimetic technologies. In this study, an artificial form of invasion‐defense mutual interactions is established in a community of glucose oxidase (GOx)‐containing liquid coacervate microdroplets and living cells, which interact via enzyme‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. The enzyme‐containing coacervate microdroplets, formed via liquid–liquid phase separation, act as invader protocells to electrostatically bind with the host HepG2 cell, resulting in assimilation. Subsequently, the glucose oxidation in the liquid coacervates initiates the generation of H₂O₂, which serves as an ROS resource to block cell proliferation. As a defense strategy, introduction of catalase (CAT) into the host cells is exploited to resist the ROS damage. CAT‐mediated decomposition of H₂O₂ leads to the ROS scavenging and results in the recovery of cell viability. The results obtained in the current study highlight the remarkable opportunities for the development of mutual interacting communities on the interface of artificial protocells/living cells. They also provide a new approach for engineering cellular behaviors through exploiting artificial nonliving microsystems.     

洛克希德·马丁公司网络军工产业研究

洛克希德·马丁公司(以下简称“洛马”)是美国一家拥有百年历史的国防承包商,在百年发展历程中,洛马以美国国家安全需求为牵引,逐渐成长为世界最大军工集团。伴随网络时代的来临和新安全威胁的涌现,洛马加大网络空间作战技术的研发力度和资金投入,为美国加强网络国防能力建设铸剑护航。研究以洛马网络军工产业发展为脉络,对其网络安全全谱能力进行了综合梳理;同时,多角度分析了其创新的发展路径。     

航母编队防空舰阵位配置优化研究

针对航母编队防空舰阵位配置问题的复杂性和重要性,提出一种航母编队防空舰阵位配置优化方法。根据防空舰部署距离、拦截扇区大小、拦截扇区内空袭目标概率函数,构建描述防空舰防空作战能力的防护条件下航母可生存概率函数,通过将防空舰配置问题转化为二维平面内防空扇区配置问题,建立一个航母编队防空舰配置优化模型,并通过仿真实验,对不同作战目标情况下模型的可行性进行验证。仿真结果表明:该模型具备有效性和可行性,可为提升航母编队防空舰作战能力提供参考。