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1.
This paper focuses on the microscopic damage and progressive failure of a composite reinforced by plain-weave glass cloth under tensile fatigue loading. The fatigue process was divided into three stages like that of multi-directional laminates. It was found that the internal damage at each stage (matrix cracks, debonds in the weft, successive debonds in the warp and ‘metadelaminations’ between warps and wefts) occurred near the cross-over point of the fabric. The modulus decay mechanism was explained by considering the progression of this internal damage. From the end of the first stage to the beginning of the middle stage, a characteristic damage state (CDS) (called a ‘meta-CDS’) was observed. It was found that woven composites have a unit area of damage accumulation (called a ‘unit cell’) and the damage of each unit cell and its distribution control the total fatigue damage of the material. 相似文献
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Theoretical analyses for the single fibre pull-out and push-out models under monotonic loading are given which are based on a shear-lag analysis in a fracture mechanics approach considering non-constant friction at the debonded interface as a result of fibre Poisson contraction (or expansion). The solutions allow the determination of typical fibre/matrix interfacial properties such as the interfacial fracture toughness, Gic, the coefficient of friction, μ, and the residual clamping stress, q0. Under cyclic loading the interfacial properties are expected to degrade as a result of repetitive abrasion, and a power law function is assumed between μ and the number of elapsed cycles, N. However, Gic is assumed to be unaffected and a fracture mechanics based debond criterion is derived for the relationship between the external applied stress, the debond length and the reduced friction coefficient for both fibre pull-out and fibre push-out. In addition, the relative displacements between the free fibre end and the matrix top are obtained for cyclic fatigue when the fibre is loaded and unloaded. A relationship obtained for the protrusion (or intrusion) length in fibre pull-out (or push-out) experiments allows the severity of the interface frictional degradation to be evaluated and characterised. Similarities and differences in the frictional degradation behaviour between fibre pull-out and push-out are also identified. 相似文献
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P. Adaikkalam N. Sathaiyan S. Visvanathan 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1993,56(4):389-392
Cyclic voltammetric and galvanostatic experiments have been carried out with both synthetic and commercial bleach solutions with a view to regenerating the same. Maximum efficiency could be achieved if the oxidation is carried out below an anodic potential of 0·80 V vs SCE. The data obtained in galvanostatic experiments with RCE confirm the results of the earlier technique. 相似文献
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刘华 《河北工程大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(2)
本文提出了对于推广的卡诺定理的另一种较严密的证明方法,此种证明方法更易于为学生接受,其物理含义更为明确。 相似文献
7.
基于正交多相序列的OFDM信道估计算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了一种基于正交多相序列的OFDM信道估计算法。该算法采用相关性能良好的正交多相序列作为发送信号的循环前缀,在接收端,提取循环前缀,进行相关计算,最终得到系统频域响应的估计值。通过仿真,验证了在多径衰落信道中,提出的算法比频域梳状导频插入的时域滤波算法及采用小m序列作为循环前缀的信道估计算法具有更高的信道估计精度。 相似文献
8.
L. Marin L. Elliott D.B. Ingham X. Wen 《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》2005,48(14):3018-3033
The boundary element method (BEM) has been used to investigate the two-dimensional temperature distribution and the flow of heat from a polygonal fin with two tubes on a square pitch. This numerical method is shown to be convergent, stable and consistent. The resultant heat flows from the fin and the tubes are presented in the form of fin performance ratios. The values of the two-dimensional fin performance ratios are almost identical to those obtained for a single radial rectangular fin of equivalent surface area. The one-dimensional fin performance indicators, fin performance ratio or fin efficiency can be used to predict the heat flows. However, the two-dimensional temperature distributions have revealed the existence of conductive paths between the two tubes depending upon the fin dimensions, the values of the heat transfer and material thermal conductivity, and the magnitude of the temperature differences between the two tubes and the surrounding air. 相似文献
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文中采用传统的表面贴装技术进行焊接,研讨μBGA的PCB装配及可靠性。弯曲循环试验(1000με~-1000με),用不同的热因数(Qη)回流,研究μBGA、PBGA和CBGA封装的焊点疲劳失效问题。确定液相线上时间,测定温度,μBGA封装的疲劳寿命首先增大,接着随加热因数的增加而下降。当Qη接近500s·℃时,出现寿命最大值。最佳Qη范围在300s·℃~750s·℃之间,此范围如果装配是在氮气氛中回流,μBGA封装的寿命大于4500个循环。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),来检查μBGA和PBGA封装在所有加热因数状况下焊点的失效。每个断裂接近并平行于PCB焊盘,在μBGA封装中裂纹总是出现在焊接点与PCB焊盘连接的尖角点,接着在Ni3Sn4金属间化合物(IMC)层和焊料之间延伸。CBGA封装可靠性试验中,失效为剥离现象,发生于陶瓷基体和金属化焊盘之间的界面处。 相似文献