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1.
计算机在酶工程中的应用使得酶的序列空间探索度不断被扩大。随着不同分子力场参数的建立,涌现出诸多以计算分子能量为基础的算法,并被用于酶的催化活性、稳定性、底物特异性等的改造与筛选。伴随计算机硬件的提升与算法的优化,从头设计全新功能的人工酶取得成功并得以发展。近年来,人工智能在蛋白质结构预测上不断获得突破,同时也被应用到酶的设计中。介绍了分子力场基础和酶设计与筛选的算法,重点阐述了从头设计的方法和成功案例,以及机器学习设计酶的流程和最新的研究进展,展望了人工智能在酶工程领域的未来发展,为酶的改造与全新功能的生物催化剂的设计助力。  相似文献   
2.
In an effort to develop highly functionalized flame retardant materials, hybrid nanocoatings are prepared by alternately depositing a positively charged polyaniline (PANi) and negatively charged montmorillonite (MMT) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are employed in polymer nanocomposites as effective reinforcement, where nanotubes are stabilized in MMT aqueous solution. The 3D structure and high density of CNTs deposited in the PANi/CNTs-MMT multilayers produce thicker and heavier coatings in comparison to the LbL assemblies without CNTs. Vertical and horizontal flame testing show that the incorporation of CNTs improves fire resistance. Additionally, cone calorimetry reveals that stacking two nanomaterials (MMT and CNTs) in a single coating shows a significant reduction in peak heat release rate (up to 51%), total smoke release (up to 47%), and total heat release (up to 37%) for the polyurethane foam. The enhancement of flame retardancy is attributed to a synergistic effect; MMT serves as a physical barrier that retards the diffusion of heat and gas. The addition of CNTs strengthens the thermal stability and high char yield. These results, coupled with the simplicity with which the LbL deposition is applied, present a viable alternative to halogen-free flame retardant nanocoatings to natural and synthetic fibers.  相似文献   
3.
为了实现飞机制造企业总装生产线车间物理空间与信息空间的实时交互与深度融合,通过分析飞机总装生产线组成单元与生产业务逻辑,提出基于数字孪生的飞机总装生产线车间建模框架. 从“人、机、料、法、环、测”六维视角出发,阐述生产线关键要素建模与实现,并提出飞机总装生产线三维可视化及信息集成平台实现技术流程. 在CATIA中建立车间三维数字模型,基于浏览器和WebGL技术建立虚拟空间,通过采集生产现场过程数据实现物理实体向虚拟空间的实时映射. 以某型飞机总装生产线车间为例,实现总装现场与虚拟可视化的同步映射、WebServices服务、信息查询服务及装配工艺过程查询服务,有效提高作业效率并为工作人员决策提供科学参考.  相似文献   
4.
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a kind of sustainable nanoparticle from biomass, which are widely used as reinforcing filler and assembly building block for high-performance composites and function materials including biomaterial, optics, and so forth. Here, their unique advantages in material applications were reviewed based on their rod-like morphology, crystalline structure, dimension-related effects, and multi-level order structure. Then, we focused on the molecular engineering of CNCs, including the structure and physicochemical properties of their surface, along with surface modification methods and steric effects. We further discussed the performance-improvement and functionalization methods based on multi-component complex systems, together with the effects of surface molecular engineering on the performance and functions. Meanwhile, methods of optimizing orientation in uniaxial arrays were discussed along with those of enhancing photoluminescence efficiency via surface chemical modification and substance coordination. In the end, we prospected the design, development, and construction methods of new CNCs materials.  相似文献   
5.
现有工业机器人装配系统容易产生噪音及粉尘,影响生产环境,为解决这个问题,一般需要安装降噪模块(片式消声器及噪声传感器)和吸尘模块(真空吸尘器及粉尘浓度传感器),但因装配环境恶劣,随着粉尘累积,传感器性能不稳定,导致吸尘、降噪效果不明显,且能耗较高。因此,为提高效率,开发了一种工业机器人自动装配系统;本设计是一种工业机器人的自动装配系统,该系统由主控、数据采集、视觉采集、测距、吸尘、降噪等6个模块组成;本设计能够根据采集到的数据,通过提高在非高斯噪声下识别数字调制信号的能力,来提高系统控制精度,以此控制并优化生产过程,实现分段式除尘、降噪,改善装配环境,节能降耗,提高生产效率。  相似文献   
6.
Gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the most important components of fuel cells. In order to improve the fuel cell performance, GDL has developed from single layer to dual layers, and then to multiple layers. However, dual or multi layers in GDL are usually prepared by layer-by-layer methods, which cost too much time, energy, and resources. In this work, we successfully developed a facile one-step method to prepare a GDL with three functional layers by utilizing the different sedimentation rates and filtration rates of short carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT). The treatment temperature for this GDL is much lower than that of traditional method. The thickness of the GDL can be effectively controlled from as thin as 50 μm to more than 200 μm by simply adjusting the content of CF. The GDL with high flexibility is suitable to develop high performance flexible electronics. The fuel cell with the GDL has the maximum power density 1021 mW cm?2, which shows 19% improvement comparing to the conventional one. Therefore, this work breaks the traditional concept that GDL for fuel cells only can be prepared by very complex and high-cost procedure.  相似文献   
7.
Due to stringent environmental regulations and the limited resources of fossil-based fuels, there is an urgent demand for clean and eco-friendly energy conversion devices. These criteria appear to be met by hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs have attracted tremendous attention on account of their excellent performance with tunable operability and good portability. Nonetheless, their practical applications are hugely influenced by the scarcity and high cost of platinum (Pt) used as electrocatalysts at both cathode and anode. Pt is also susceptible to easy catalyst poisoning. Herein, this paper reviews the progress of the research regarding the development of electrocatalysts practically used in hydrogen PEMFCs, where the corner-stone reactions are cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). To reduce the costs of PEMFCs, lessening or eliminating the use of Pt is of prime importance. For current and forthcoming laboratory/large-scale PEMFCs, there is much interest in developing substitute catalysts based on cheaper materials. As such are non-platinum (non-Pt), non-platinum group metals (non-PGMs), metal oxides, and non-metal electrocatalysts. Hence, high-performance, state-of-the-art, and novel structured electrocatalysts as replacements for Pt are needed.  相似文献   
8.
针对服装生产存在的多品种、小批量、短周期等普遍现象,提出以模块化为基础的服装智能生产编排算法,以实现混合流水线下多款服装的快速生产。以服装模块划分为基础,建立模块化服装生产排序与工序分配的联合优化数学模型,设计目标追踪遗传算法求解模型,实现模块化服装在同一流水线上的投产排序优化及服装加工工序的自动化编排。以2款相近衬衫为例进行测试,结果表明:模块化服装混合流水线平滑系数和编制效率分别达到3.359和97.9%,相较于小批量的单件流生产,编制效率和流水线的平衡稳定性均有显著提升。本文研究可为服装智能制造与精益生产的推进提供理论参考。  相似文献   
9.
为解决现有针织机电磁选针器在提花作业中存在织物花型失真、次品率难以降低的问题,提出基于压电黏合体的选针动作信号检测方案。通过设计选针器挡板振动特性检测实验,分析挡板受迫振动的信号特性,探索将挡板受迫振动的冲击力信号作为检测选针动作关键数据的可行性;同时制备压电黏合体来感知挡板的微力应变以实现选针动作的冲击力信号的检测;并对所设计的压电黏合体频谱进行分析,对其进行电学建模及振动信号检测电路的设计,提出基于振动信号检测反馈机制的电磁选针半闭环控制策略。结果表明:在现场工况下本控制策略能够实现针对选针器提花动作的实时监测与有效性反馈,为降低提花作业中布匹的次品率提供了技术解决途径。  相似文献   
10.
Understanding aqueous dispersion, rheological properties and colloidal stabilisation mechanisms of hierarchically assembled ceramic powders is important for progress in the fields of catalysis, separation and/or adsorption. The present study was designed to evaluate the rheological and sedimentation behaviour of highly loaded aqueous suspensions (up to φA = 0.126) containing AlN-powder-hydrolysis-derived, micron-sized, mesoporous, gamma alumina (MA) particulates with a high surface area (~180 m2/g) dispersed with sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA). The as-prepared suspensions were prone to sedimentation and segregation. However, when divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+) or cellulose nanofibers were added, the formation of interparticle association networks in the aqueous suspensions containing MA particles was triggered, facilitating their long-term resistance to sedimentation lasting more than 12 weeks.  相似文献   
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