Adaptive Discretization for Computerized Tomography

Two adaptive discretization frameworks are tested for computerized tomography (CT) data reconstruction. Removal of inactive pixels is primary motivation. Efficient and user independent entropy optimized masking is employed for spatial filtering purposes. Density of nodes at high gradient of reconstructed physical property is used as adaptation criterion. An alternative option, independent from noisy projection data and nature of the physical properties, is also discussed. Sensitivity analysis between the uniform and nonuniform (evolved via adaptive route) reconstruction grid reveals the utility of nonuniform grids. Iterative and transform based reconstruction techniques are used. Outcomes are tested successfully on three real world projection data from two different compact CT setups and one commercial high-resolution micro-CT scanner.     

基于数字单元法的三维正交织物微观几何结构建模

为了反映织物内部纱线的空间构型和微观几何结构,针对在织物建模过程中,因忽略纤维间的相互作用而引起的纱线截面形状变化的问题,基于数字单元法理论,提出了一种计算纤维间摩擦力的方法。通过纱线纤维化离散,用数值模拟和仿真方法模拟三维正交织物成型过程,建立了5种精度递进的微观几何结构数值模型。5种模型中的每根纱线分别由4、7、12、19和37根数字纤维表征。研究结果表明:随着纱线纤维化离散程度的提高,仿真时间延长,织物厚度减小,纤维体积分数增大,节点平均作用力下降速度变缓,势能变小;当每根纱线由19根数字纤维组成时,所建织物的微观几何结构数值模型与真实织物样本在显微镜下的内部切片图像较为吻合。     

On a marching level-set method for extended discontinuous Galerkin methods for incompressible two-phase flows: Application to two-dimensional settings

In this work a solver for two-dimensional, instationary two-phase flows on the basis of the extended discontinuous Galerkin (extended DG/XDG) method is presented. The XDG method adapts the approximation space conformal to the position of the interface. This allows a subcell accurate representation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in their sharp interface formulation. The interface is described as the zero set of a signed-distance level-set function and discretized by a standard DG method. For the interface, resp. level-set, evolution an extension velocity field is used and a two-staged algorithm is presented for its construction on a narrow-band. On the cut-cells a monolithic elliptic extension velocity method is adapted and a fast-marching procedure on the neighboring cells. The spatial discretization is based on a symmetric interior penalty method and for the temporal discretization a moving interface approach is adapted. A cell agglomeration technique is utilized for handling small cut-cells and topology changes during the interface motion. The method is validated against a wide range of typical two-phase surface tension driven flow phenomena in a 2D setting including capillary waves, an oscillating droplet and the rising bubble benchmark.     

土性参数随机场的模拟和随机场的离散

对土性分布参数一维、二维随机场模型和局部平均随机场单元离散随机场的技术进行了较深入的研究 ,提出了计算和组集自协方差矩阵的方法。     

单兵躯干防护装备的现状与展望

为提高士兵的战场生存能力,保持战斗力,对单兵躯干的防护装备进行了介绍和展望。通过回顾其发展历程,总结单兵防护鳞甲的特点,分析单兵躯干防护装备的织物基体柔性化、防弹板结构离散化、防弹板材料非金属化和整体功能多样化的发展趋势。结果表明：单兵躯干防护装备使单兵防护更为轻便和有效,从而提高士兵的战场生存能力。     

基于配电网分区的分布式混合储能优化方法

为了提高配电网对呈现不同出力特征的分布式电源的消纳能力,实现含多种分布式电源及大负荷并涉及不同出力特征的配电网优化运行,提出一种基于配电网分区的分布式混合储能优化方法。考虑多种分布式电源及大负荷的概率特征,通过K-means算法得到各分布式电源及大负荷的离散化模型,并计算离散化后配电网的电气距离矩阵,得到配电网分区的相似矩阵;采用吸引子传播(AP)聚类算法将配电网按照节点间的相似度大小分为多个分区,进而确定安装混合储能系统的聚类中心节点;考虑储能系统的充放电效率和荷电状态进行混合储能系统的容量配置,采用希尔伯特-黄变换将各分区的不平衡功率分解为高频分量和低频分量,分别作为功率型储能和能量型储能容量配置的参考功率,以确定最优配置方案。算例分析结果表明,所提优化方法可以有效提高储能的利用效率以及配置方案的经济性。     

基于配用电数据关联的中压配电网断线故障诊断方法

基于配用电信息系统数据和关联规则算法,提出一种诊断中压配电网分支线断线不接地故障的方法。通过分析相互关联的配用电信息系统数据,提出基于数据特征选择的关联规则挖掘方法,并通过卡方分裂算法将连续型特征量转换为布尔型特征量,同时采用MSApriori算法解决故障信息中的稀有项问题,然后在此基础上应用kulc准则消除冗余规则以形成约简的代表规则家族。以华东某地区配用电信息系统中的历史数据为依据进行实际算例分析,结果说明所提出的方法能够大量减少无效挖掘,显著提高效率和准确度,适用于中压配电网断线故障的在线诊断。     

模拟脆性材料动态裂纹扩展的非连续变形分析方法

非连续变形分析方法(DDA)属于隐式离散元法,通过引入虚拟节理可以模拟材料从连续到破坏全过程。尝试将DDA方法应用于脆性材料动态裂纹扩展问题。采用基于Voronoi多边形离散的DDA方法进行模拟。由于Voronoi多边形会存在较多短边,采用原始DDA程序计算时短边会优先发生破坏。针对该问题通过引入均布弹簧算法,在一定程度上减轻了过多短边发生破坏的问题。其次,为了能够定量分析动态裂纹扩展,提出了一套参数标定方案。该方案通过单轴压缩试验进行弹性参数标定,通过带切槽半圆盘试验进行强度参数标定。利用标定后的参数模拟的带切槽半圆盘,裂纹扩展路径与试验结果高度一致。最后,基于标定的参数,模拟了几类典型脆性材料的动态裂纹扩展问题,包括自相似裂纹扩展、裂纹分叉和紧凑拉伸试验。模拟结果表明,DDA方法能够较好地再现自相似裂纹扩展时裂纹扩展速度保持不变的规律,可以真实地模拟出脆性材料的裂纹分叉现象,并成功模拟了不同加载速度下紧凑拉伸试验中不同的破坏模式。这些算例验证了DDA方法在模拟脆性材料动态裂纹扩展问题的可行性,为后续相关应用打下了基础。     

A parametric subdomain discretization for the analysis of the multiaxial response of reinforced concrete sections

The paper presents an improved sectional discretization method for evaluating the response of reinforced concrete sections. The section is subdivided into parametric subdomains that allow the modelization of any complex geometry while taking advantage of the Gauss quadrature techniques. In particular, curved boundaries are dealt with two nested parametric transformations, reducing the modeling approximation. It is shown how the so-called fiber approach is simply a particular case of the present more general method. Many benchmarks are presented in order to assess the accuracy of the results. The influence of the discretization into subdomains and of the quadrature rules, chosen for integration, is discussed. The numerical tests highlight also the effects of spurious stress distributions in the tensile concrete zone, due the interpolation functions adopted for the Gauss integration. It is shown how balancing the number of subdomains and the number of sampling points such spurious effects vanish. The method shows to be accurate, very flexible in the discretization process and robust in analyzing any sectional state. Moreover, it converges faster than the fiber method, reducing the computational demand. All these properties are of great importance when the computations are iteratively repeated, as for the case of the sectional analysis within a computational procedure for a R.C. frame analysis.     

Equivalent a posteriori error estimates for elliptic optimal control problems with L1-control cost

An elliptic optimal control problem involving the $L^1$ norm of the control in the cost functional is considered in this paper. We use the full discretization and the variational discretization to approximate the control problem and the efficient and reliable a posteriori error estimates are obtained for the two cases. For the variational discretization, we also analyze the convergence of adaptive finite element methods. In the end, some examples are provided to validate our analysis.