Using electroencephalogram to continuously discriminate feelings of personal thermal comfort between uncomfortably hot and comfortable environments

Thermal comfort is an important factor for the design of buildings. Although it has been well recognized that many physiological parameters are linked to the state of thermal comfort or discomfort of humans, how to use physiological signal to judge the state of thermal comfort has not been well studied. In this paper, the feasibility of continuously determining feelings of personal thermal comfort was discussed by using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in private space. In the study, 22 subjects were exposed to thermally comfortable and uncomfortably hot environments, and their EEG signals were recorded. Spectral power features of the EEG signals were extracted, and an ensemble learning method using linear discriminant analysis or support vector machine as a sub-classifier was used to build the discriminant model. The results show that an average discriminate accuracy of 87.9% can be obtained within a detection window of 60 seconds. This study indicates that it is feasible to distinguish whether a person feels comfortable or too hot in their private space by multi-channel EEG signals without interruption and suggests possibility for further applications in neuroergonomics.     

基于光谱分类模型的保险杠物证无损研究

采用中红外光谱结合化学计量学的方法对车用保险杠碎片进行鉴别，分别对52个车用保险杠碎片样本的全波段光谱数据、指纹区光谱数据和主成分分析降维后的光谱数据建立Fisher判别分析和K近邻算法2种分类模型，并对分类结果进行比较。结果表明，主成分分析提取特征变量后构建的分类模型，分类的准确率更高，对聚丙烯（PP）、PP/滑石粉、PP/滑石粉/碳酸钙（CaCO₃）3种类型的样本分类准确率达到92.3 %，对PP/滑石粉类型中的10种品牌样本分类准确率达到88.9 %，分类结果理想；在构建的2种分类模型中，Fisher判别分析模型的分类率远高于K近邻算法模型，分析认为K近邻算法模型受到样本不均衡的影响；中红外光谱结合化学计量学可以实现对车用保险杠碎片的准确区分，且满足快速、无损的检验要求。     

基于中红外光谱技术的甘氨酸铁螯合物判别研究

目的研究基于中红外光谱(mid infrared spectroscopy,MIRS)技术定性判别有机微量元素添加剂掺假的可行性。方法以甘氨酸铁螯合物和硫酸亚铁为研究对象,分析样品的中红外光谱,解析不同样品光谱的特异性;建立偏最小二乘判别(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)校正模型对掺假样品进行判别,并比较不同预处理方法、全光谱与特征波段对校正模型判别效果的影响。结果甘氨酸铁螯合物与硫酸亚铁光谱差异显著,主要分布在(3500～3000) cm~(-1)、(1600～1300) cm~(-1)、(1300～1000) cm~(-1)、(660～550) cm~(-1),通过采用平滑(smoothing,SM)、归一化(normalization,Norm)与一阶导数(first derivative,FD)相结合的方法对光谱进行预处理,结合1300 cm~(-1)～1000 cm~(-1)波段建立的PLS-DA校正模型判别效果最优,校正集的判别正确率为97.5%,验证集的判别正确率为100.0%,对外部样品的判别正确率达到92.7%。结论中红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法能够对甘氨酸铁螯合物的掺假进行准确判别。     

基于距离判别分析的电压暂降源识别方法

为准确识别电网中的各类电压暂降源,并避免其他方法在识别过程中特征提取困难的问题,从最小距离的角度提出了一种基于距离判别分析的电压暂降源识别方法。利用暂降分段法对电压暂降有效值的波形变化特点进行分析,并以粗粒化的有效值波形构建了与电压暂降源类型相对应的六个总体。采用多总体马氏距离判别分析方法,利用训练样本进行学习,建立相应的判别函数及其判别准则对待判样本进行判别,从而实现电压暂降源的识别。通过仿真建模对所提方法进行了验证和对比分析,结果表明该方法的识别准确率和性能较高、交叉误判率低,对噪声鲁棒性好,满足实际应用要求。     

Data-Driven Temporal Filtering on Teager Energy Time Trajectory for Robust Speech Recognition

Data-driven temporal filtering technique is integrated into the time trajectory of Teager energy operation （TEO） based feature parameter for improving the robustness of speech recognition system against noise. Three kinds of data-driven temporal filters are investigated for the motivation of alleviating the harmful effects that the environmental factors have on the speech. The filters include： principle component analysis （PCA） based filters, linear discriminant analysis （LDA） based filters and minimum classification error （MCE） based filters. Detailed comparative analysis among these temporal filtering approaches applied in Teager energy domain is presented. It is shown that while all of them can improve the recognition performance of the original TEO based feature parameter in adverse environment, MCE based temporal filtering can provide the lowest error rate as SNR decreases than any other algorithms.     

Fisher判别分类法在光伏并网系统稳态电能质量评估中的应用

针对稳态电能质量综合评估的复杂性以及单项指标在反映电能质量综合水平的局限性,首次提出将Fisher判别分类法用于并网光伏稳态电能质量的评估,进而确定光伏并网可行性。根据已知的电能质量国家标准,通过构造样本来得到判别模型,然后利用回代估计法对模型进行检验,并对实际系统进行判别分析。实验结果表明所提方法所得误判率小,具有较强的判别能力。     

基于二次聚类弱监督学习的图像语义分割

针对在给定大量用户标注图像基础上,将图像分割成一系列具有单一语义的完整区域,并同时对各区域实现语义标注的问题,提出了一种基于弱监督学习的二次聚类的图像语义分割算法。将谱聚类和判别式聚类相结合,用谱聚类学到的类标指示函数来指导判别式聚类,学习特征的潜在数据结构,利用弱监督信息对聚类分配标签。该方法能够充分利用区域上下文信息,为每个类别选择判别式特征,并且输出鲁棒的多类分类器,对外来没有标签的图像也可以进行有效的区域标注。通过在公用数据集上的充分实验,证明了本方法的有效性。     

The effects of a chlorinated discharge and a thermal outfall on the structure and composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in the sheep river, Alberta, Canada

Physico-chemical and biological samples were collected from 12 sampling stations over a 13-month period to assess the effects of a small town's chlorinated sewage discharge and a thermal discharge on the Sheep River's macroinvertebrate communities. During the study, the chlorinated effluent plume was restricted to the left third of the channel for approx. 0.5 km at which point the effluent was thoroughly mixed due to an abrupt change in channel direction. Within the concentrated 0.5 km chlorinated plume, total residual chlorine TRC concentrations periodically exceeded 5.0 mg l⁻¹. Stations were categorized into similar community assemblages on the basis of species abundance and composition using heirarchical cluster analysis. Stations immediately downstream of the thermal outfall and those within the chlorinated plume had distinctly different structure and were dominated by Oligochaeta. Multiple discriminant analysis indicated that temperature was the principle discriminating variable immediately below the thermal discharge while the chlorinated sewage (MCSE) variable was the most important discriminant function within the chlorinated effluent plume. Following complete mixing of the effluent plume within the stream channel (0.6 km downstream of outfall), macroinvertebrate structure and diversity improved, presumably due to nutrient enrichment and dilution of TRC below detectable levels.     

基于线性判别分析和分步机器学习的变压器故障诊断

为了改善当前变压器故障诊断在特征量选取和使用单一诊断模型进行故障诊断上的不足,提高变压器故障诊断的准确率和效率,提出基于线性判别分析（LDA）的特征选取方法,建立基于分步机器学习的诊断模型. 该模型选取16组油中溶解气体体积分数比值的多特征参数,运用线性判别分析对参数进行降维作为输入特征向量;运用概率神经网络对变压器故障做出初步诊断,区分出易混淆故障;使用基于灰狼群算法优化的支持向量机对易混淆故障做进一步的区分. 最终实验诊断准确率为97.27%,诊断时间为4.87 s. 与单一机器学习模型相比,所提出的模型不仅具有更高的准确率,还具有更高的效率. 实例分析表明,本研究方法能有效弥补单一机器学习的缺陷,为故障样本有限情况下的电力变压器故障诊断提供参考.     

Probabilistic fault diagnosis method based on the combination of nest-loop fisher discriminant analysis and analysis of relative changes

Bias of data location and increase in data variations are two typical disturbances, which in general, simultaneously exist in the fault process. Targeting their different characteristics, a nested-loop fisher discriminant analysis (NeLFDA) algorithm and relative changes (RC) algorithm are effectively combined for analyzing the fault characteristics. First, a prejudgment strategy is developed to evaluate the fault types and determine what changes are covered in the fault process. Two statistical indexes are defined, which conduct Monte Carlo based center fluctuation analysis and dissimilarity analysis respectively. Second, for the fault data containing those two faults simultaneously, a combined NeLFDA-RC algorithm is proposed for fault deviations modeling, which is termed as CNR-FD. Fault directions concerning bias of data location are extracted by the NeLFDA algorithm and then corresponding fault deviations are removed from the fault data. Then RC algorithm is performed on these fault data to extract directions concerning increase of data variations. These fault directions are used as reconstruction models to characterize each fault class. Particularly, the compromise between these two algorithms is determined by the Monte Carlo based center fluctuation analysis. For online applications, a probabilistic fault diagnosis strategy based on Bayes’ rule is performed to identify fault cause by discovering the right reconstruction models that can make the reconstructed monitoring statistics have the largest probabilities of belonging to normal condition. The motivation of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by a numerical case and the performance of the reconstruction models and the probabilistic fault diagnosis strategy are illustrated using pre-programmed faults from the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process and the real industrial process data from the cut-made process of cigarettes in some cigarette factory.