Stability of formal thought disorder and referential communication disturbances in schizophrenia.

This study examined the degree to which different types of communication disturbances in the speech of 48 schizophrenia patients and 28 controls were variable and state related versus stable and traitlike. Clinically rated formal thought disorder and 5 types of referential disturbance showed substantial stability within participants over time. The sixth type of referential disturbance, the vague reference, was not stable over time. Formal thought disorder was associated with the severity of core psychotic symptoms in patients, whereas referential disturbances showed little or no association with positive or negative symptom severity. Furthermore, changes in psychotic symptoms over time were accompanied by corresponding changes in formal thought disorder but not referential disturbances. These results support the idea that some types of referential disturbances are traitlike and may be reflective of vulnerability as well as manifest illness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Design of noise and period-time robust high-order repetitive control, with application to optical storage

Repetitive control is useful if periodic disturbances or setpoints act on a control system. Perfect (asymptotic) disturbance rejection is achieved if the period time is exactly known. The improved disturbance rejection at the periodic frequency and its harmonics is achieved at the expense of a degraded system sensitivity at intermediate frequencies. A convex optimization problem is defined for the design of high-order repetitive controllers, where a trade-off can be made between robustness for changes in the period time and for reduction of the error spectrum in-between the harmonic frequencies. The high-order repetitive control algorithms are successfully applied in experiments with the tracking control of a CD-player system.     

Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Maternal Disease Complicating the Course of Pregnancy with Long-Term Deleterious Effects on the Offspring. A Clinical Review

In spite of the huge progress in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, we are still in the situation that both pregestational (PGDM) and gestational diabetes (GDM) impose an additional risk to the embryo, fetus, and course of pregnancy. PGDM may increase the rate of congenital malformations, especially cardiac, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and limbs. PGDM may interfere with fetal growth, often causing macrosomia, but in the presence of severe maternal complications, especially nephropathy, it may inhibit fetal growth. PGDM may also induce a variety of perinatal complications such as stillbirth and perinatal death, cardiomyopathy, respiratory morbidity, and perinatal asphyxia. GDM that generally develops in the second half of pregnancy induces similar but generally less severe complications. Their severity is higher with earlier onset of GDM and inversely correlated with the degree of glycemic control. Early initiation of GDM might even cause some increase in the rate of congenital malformations. Both PGDM and GDM may cause various motor and behavioral neurodevelopmental problems, including an increased incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most complications are reduced in incidence and severity with the improvement in diabetic control. Mechanisms of diabetic-induced damage in pregnancy are related to maternal and fetal hyperglycemia, enhanced oxidative stress, epigenetic changes, and other, less defined, pathogenic mechanisms.     

内模原理在转台波动力矩抑制中的应用

为了消除系统存在的周期性扰动特别是干扰力矩对系统速率平稳性能的影响,本文对基于内模原理的自适应周期性扰动抑制方法进行了研究,利用该控制策略能够较好的抑制含单一频率、多种频率和时变频率的周期性扰动.并且对扰动频率变化较快时频率估计中出现的波动现象进行了分析.该方法在测试转台模型上进行了仿真,仿真结果显示出了良好的扰动频率辨识能力和对扰动的抑制能力.     

大学生负面评价恐惧、人际关系困扰与主观幸福感的关系研究

以569名大学生为被试,采用简明负面评价恐惧量表、大学生人际关系综合诊断量表及总体幸福感量表进行问卷调查,探讨负面评价恐惧对大学生主观幸福感的影响过程及人际关系困扰的中介作用机制。结果表明：负面评价恐惧女大学生得分显著高于男大学生,并存在显著年级差异;人际关系困扰总分及待人接物、异性交往两个因子男大学生得分显著高于女大学生,并在交际交友和异性交往两个因子上存在显著年级差异;大学生主观幸福感性别和年级差异不显著;负面评价恐惧与人际关系困扰总分及各因子呈显著正相关,与主观幸福感呈显著负相关;负面评价恐惧对主观幸福感有显著的直接效应,人际关系困扰在负面评价恐惧与主观幸福感之间起部分中介作用。     

Robustness of ISS systems to inputs with limited moving average: Application to spacecraft formations

We provide a theoretical framework that fits realistic challenges related to spacecraft formation with disturbances. We show that the input‐to‐state stability of such systems guarantees some robustness with respect to a class of signals with bounded average‐energy, which encompasses the typical disturbances acting on spacecraft formations. Solutions are shown to converge to the desired formation, up to an offset, which is somewhat proportional to the considered moving average of disturbances. In the presence of fast peaking perturbations, the approach provides a tighter evaluation of the disturbances' influence, which allows for the use of more parsimonious control gains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic disturbance rejection controllers for neutral time delay systems with application to a central heating system

In the present paper the problem of disturbance rejection of single input-single output neutral time delay systems with multiple measurable disturbances is solved via dynamic controllers. In particular, the general form of the controller matrices is presented, while the necessary and sufficient conditions for the controller to be realizable are offered. The proposed technique is applied to a test case neutral time delay central heating system. In particular, the nonlinear model of the plant and its linearized approximation are presented. Based on the linearized model, a two-stage controller is designed in order to regulate the room temperature and the boiler effluent temperature. The performance of the closed loop system is investigated through computational experiments.     

Fixed-time distributed optimization for multi-agent systems with external disturbances over directed networks

This article considers the fixed-time distributed optimization problem of multi-agent systems with external disturbances, in which the global optimization objective is a convex combination of local objective functions. To solve this issue, a directed communication network is carefully designed, and an integral sliding mode control protocol is proposed based on the gradient of global objective function first. Moreover, two distributed optimal protocols are designed by using the gradient and the Hessian matrix of local objective function, respectively. By employing Lyapunov stability theory, graph theory, convex analysis, and inequality techniques, we prove that all proposed protocols can make agents achieve consensus and converge accurately to the optimal solution of the considered problem in some fixed-time intervals. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to verify the feasibility of the theoretical results.     

Robust anti-sliding control of autonomous vehicles in presence of lateral disturbances

Path following control problem of autonomous vehicles is investigated, concerning both unmeasurable sliding effects and lateral disturbances which lead to some difficulties in designing autonomous control under complex environment. To deal with the sliding effects, sideslip angles are modeled and reconstructed by estimating the tire cornering stiffness, which plays important role in analyzing the sliding effects. To this end, a Luenberger-type observer is designed, which is able to identify the tire cornering stiffness adaptively even in presence of time-varying lateral disturbances. Furthermore, to guarantee high-precision guidance, a sliding mode controller is designed based on chained system theory, and this controller is shown to be robust to both the lateral disturbances and the inaccuracy of the sliding reconstruction. Simulations illustrate that the proposed methods can reconstruct the sliding angles and provide high-accuracy anti-sliding control even in presence of the time-varying lateral disturbances.     

一类非线性严格反馈系统基于干扰观测器的抗干扰控制

针对一类带有干扰的非线性严格反馈系统, 研究其抗干扰控制问题. 系统干扰满足不匹配条件, 代表一类部分信息已知的干扰. 通过设计非线性干扰观测器, 提出基于非线性干扰观测器和back-stepping 的抗干扰控制方法来补偿干扰, 该方法可以保证闭环系统所有信号是半全局最终一致有界的. 最后, 通过与现有方法的对比验证了所提出方法的正确性和有效性.