Energy-efficient operation of indirect adiabatic data center cooling systems via Newton-like phasor extremum seeking control

This paper considers the problem of optimizing the operation of Indirect Adiabatic Cooling (IAC) systems with application to data centers. Optimal operation is achieved when the required cooling demand is satisfied at the minimum energy cost. For this purpose, we design a supervisory control system, where the higher layer determines the optimal set-points for the local controllers by employing an Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) scheme. In particular, we consider a Newton-like phasor ESC, which augments the derivative estimator underlying the phasor approach to capture also the Hessian of the plant index and then it uses these estimates to steer the system along a Newton-like direction. The effectiveness of the considered approach is tested in simulation by exploiting a Matlab-based simulation environment including an IAC system and a computer room.     

Global maximum power point tracking based on new extremum seeking control scheme

A new perturbed‐based extremum seeking control (PESC) scheme is proposed in this paper to track the global maximum power point (GMPP). The PESC scheme has two control loops based on power of the photovoltaic (PV) array: the first loop operates as usually to track the maximum power point and the second sweeps all local MPPs to locate the GMPP. Once the GMPP is located based on its uniqueness (after the PV pattern is quickly scanned many times, depending on the PV pattern's profile), the GMPP is accurately tracked based on first control loop. The used PV patterns have the profile of the PV power characteristics obtained for PV array under partially shaded conditions (PSCs). This PESC scheme is proposed to track the GMPP in the PV applications, but also in other multimodal problems from industry, being a good motif to revive the specialists' interest for the extremum seeking control field. The results obtained here are very promising for both search speed and tracking accuracy performances of the GMPP under different PSCs simulated on the PV array. Thus, the energy efficiency of PV array controlled with the proposed PESC scheme will increase with more than 1.2% in comparison with that obtained with the other MPP algorithms because of better performance shown by this PESC scheme. A 99.6% tracking accuracy is obtained here in comparison with a maximum 98.4% tracking accuracy reported in the literature. Furthermore, 100% hit and high search speed are obtained here for the GMPP localization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of log‐of‐power extremum seeking control for wind turbines using large eddy simulations

The extremum seeking control (ESC) algorithm has been proposed to determine operating parameters that maximize power production below rated wind speeds (region II). This is usually done by measuring the turbine's power signal to determine optimal values for parameters of the control law or actuator settings. This paper shows that the standard ESC with power feedback is quite sensitive to variations in mean wind speed, with long convergence time at low wind speeds and aggressive transient response, possibly unstable, at high wind speeds. The paper also evaluates the performance, as measured by the dynamic and steady state response, of the ESC with feedback of the logarithm of the power signal (LP‐ESC). Large eddy simulations (LES) demonstrate that the LP‐ESC, calibrated at a given wind speed, exhibits consistent robust performance at all wind speeds in a typical region II. The LP‐ESC is able to achieve the optimal set‐point within a prescribed settling time, despite variations in the mean wind speed, turbulence, and shear. The LES have been conducted using realistic wind input profiles with shear and turbulence. The ESC and LP‐ESC are implemented in the LES without assuming the availability of analytical gradients.     

Overshoot‐free nonholonomic source seeking in 3‐D

This paper studies the problem of steering a nonholonomic vehicle with a constant forward velocity to localize a source in 3‐D. Of two existing 3‐D source‐seeking strategies, one causes overshoots of the vehicle around the source while the other shows slow convergence rate in approaching the source. We propose a composite of these 2 control strategies to achieve a balanced performance by taking advantage of both strategies. Moreover, we prove local exponential stability for a static spherical signal map using averaging and describe the influence of the parameters using root locus method. Simulation results further validate the effectiveness and advantages of the combined strategy.     

Constructal design for a steam generator based on entransy dissipation extremum principle

Steam generator is optimized by applying entransy dissipation extremum principle and constructal theory and adopting analyti-cal method.The obtained results show that the optimal spacing between adjacent tubes,the mass flow rate of gas and the maximum entransy dissipation rate all depend on the dimensionless diameter of one tube,the dimensionless pressure difference number and the dimensionless length of flow channel of gas.Besides the three dimensionless groups,the optimal numbers of riser tubes and downco...     

基于改进的简化粒子群聚类算法

针对粒子群算法后期收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极值的缺点,提出一种基于粒密度和最大距离积法的简 化粒子群聚类算法.通过采用线性递减与随机分布相结合的惯性权重策略、添加极值扰动算子、优化粒子个体最优位置,使粒子群算法能够快速收敛于全局最优.再把改进后的粒子群算法与K-means算法相结合,解决K-means算法因随机初始聚类中心而导致聚类效果差、不稳定等问题.通过实验分析,该算法的聚类结果准确率更高、收敛速度更快、稳定性更强.     

对和谐社会有关理论和实践问题的思考

所谓“和谐社会”是指社会系统中的各个组成部分、各个构成要素彼此之间处于一种相互依存、相互协调、相互促进的理想状态;和谐社会的本质是人的主体价值得到充分尊重,人的主体作用得到充分发挥,人人各尽其能、各得其所而又和谐相处;从10个方面论证提出了和谐社会的内涵,从18个方面总结出了和谐社会的基本特征;科学发展观与构建社会主义和谐社会是理论指导实践的关系;有了全面建设小康社会的目标,之所以还要提出构建社会主义和谐社会,是因为“构建和谐社会”本身是全面建设小康社会的重要内容之一,也是保证全面小康社会目标顺利实现的重要前提;在构建社会主义和谐社会实践中,要处理好5个方面的关系、突出8个方面的工作重点。     

改进的相控阵雷达信号检测方法

针对传统雷达信号检测方法对相控阵雷达信号检测概率较低的问题,提出了一种结合小波降噪和极值序列法的信号检测方法。该方法采用小波阈值降噪法对雷达信号进行预处理,以提高侦收信号的信噪比,利用极值序列法在高信噪比下检测精度较高的优势,完成对信号的准确检测和参数的精确估计。仿真结果表明,与传统检测方法相比,该方法在低信噪比下对相控阵雷达信号的检测概率平均提高21.8%。     

单峰函数最值定理的推广

单峰函数最值定理广泛应用于最值问题中,但它要求驻点惟一．本文讨论了多驻点情形下的最值问题,给出2个主要结论：（1）若可导函数f在某一区间内的所有驻点组成的集合是孤立点集,且函数f的极大点个数与极小点个数不相等时,则函数f在该区间上存在最值．（2）若可导函数f在某一区间内存在最小驻点和最大驻点,且这两个驻点均为极大（小）点时,则函数f在该区间上存在最大（小）值．     

局部安全系数法中约束对土坡稳定分析的影响

为研究局部安全系数法中不同约束条件对土坡稳定分析的影响,结合两典型土坡,对局部安全系数法这一双重优化问题中的约束条件进行了分析,约束条件主要包括极大化问题中条块间法向力、剪切力、条底法向力需满足的约束以及极小化问题中可行滑动面需满足的约束条件,研究结果表明,限制条块间法向力为正,而允许条间剪切力为负条件下,局部安全系数法所得结果较为合理.