公众食品药品网络谣言和虚假宣传辨识能力调查——以贵州省某少数民族自治地区为例

目的 了解公众对网络食品药品谣言信息及虚假宣传甄别能力和行为态度，探索防范谣言传播、维护社会稳定的有效措施和途径。方法 采用随机抽样研究方法，对贵州省某少数民族自治州公众开展食品药品网络谣言及虚假宣传辨识能力、行为态度问卷调查。结果 当地公众食品药品网络谣言及虚假宣传辨识能力总体较低，经济发展落后地区的青少年人群对网络谣言及虚假宣传的辨识能力较弱。大部分公众处理网络食品药品安全信息较为理性，更愿意通过国家监管部门权威网站了解信息，基本具备了确认信息真实性的主观意识，但辟除谣言的行动能力不高。结论 地方党委政府及有关部门应加强食品药品网络谣言和虚假宣传治理，加大当地谣言及虚假宣传的监测和系统性分析研究，有针对性、预判性地进行治理和科普宣传。     

BCLA CLEAR - Effect of contact lens materials and designs on the anatomy and physiology of the eye

This paper outlines changes to the ocular surface caused by contact lenses and their degree of clinical significance. Substantial research and development to improve oxygen permeability of rigid and soft contact lenses has meant that in many countries the issues caused by hypoxia to the ocular surface have largely been negated. The ability of contact lenses to change the axial growth characteristics of the globe is being utilised to help reduce the myopia pandemic and several studies and meta-analyses have shown that wearing orthokeratology lenses or soft multifocal contact lenses can reduce axial length growth (and hence myopia).However, effects on blinking, ptosis, the function of Meibomian glands, fluorescein and lissamine green staining of the conjunctiva and cornea, production of lid-parallel conjunctival folds and lid wiper epitheliopathy have received less research attention. Contact lens wear produces a subclinical inflammatory response manifested by increases in the number of dendritiform cells in the conjunctiva, cornea and limbus. Papillary conjunctivitis is also a complication of all types of contact lenses. Changes to wear schedule (daily disposable from overnight wear) or lens materials (hydrogel from SiHy) can reduce papillary conjunctivitis, but the effect of such changes on dendritic cell migration needs further study. These changes may be associated with decreased comfort but confirmatory studies are needed. Contact lenses can affect the sensitivity of the ocular surface to mechanical stimulation, but whether these changes affect comfort requires further investigation.In conclusion, there have been changes to lens materials, design and wear schedules over the past 20+ years that have improved their safety and seen the development of lenses that can reduce the myopia development. However, several changes to the ocular surface still occur and warrant further research effort in order to optimise the lens wearing experience.     

人工假顶工艺在近距离过巷掘进的应用

为了保证近距离煤层巷道掘进施工安全,提高过巷段顶板稳定性,对2112巷过830轨道巷期间采取人工假顶的方法进行近距离顶板维护工艺。实际应用表明,该工艺有效保证了近距离巷道掘进顶板稳定性,保证了巷道施工安全,取得了显著成效。     

Reference databases,primer choice,and assay sensitivity for environmental metabarcoding: Lessons learnt from a re‐evaluation of an eDNA fish assessment in the Volga headwaters

Biodiversity monitoring via environmental DNA, particularly metabarcoding, is evolving into a powerful assessment tool for riverine systems. However, for metabarcoding to be fully integrated into standardized monitoring programmes, some current challenges concerning sampling design, laboratory workflow, and data analysis need to be overcome. Here, we review some of these major challenges and potential solutions. We further illustrate three potential pitfalls, namely the choice of suitable metabarcoding primers, the necessity of complete reference databases, and varying assay sensitivities, by a reappraisal of our‐own recently carried out metabarcoding study in the Volga headwaters. TaqMan qPCRs had detected catfish (Silurus glanis) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla), whereas metabarcoding had not, in the same samples. Furthermore, after extending the genetic reference database by 12 additional species and re‐analysing the metabarcoding data, we additionally detected the Siberian spiny loach (Cobitis sibirica) and Ukrainian brook lamprey (Eudontomyzon mariae) and reassigned the operational taxonomic units previously assigned to Misgurnus fossilis to Cobitis sibirica. In silico analysis of metabarcoding primer efficiencies revealed considerable variability among primer pairs and among target species, which could lead to strong primer bias and potential false‐negatives in metabarcoding studies if not properly compensated for. These results highlight some of the pitfalls of eDNA‐metabarcoding as a means of monitoring fish biodiversity in large rivers, which need to be considered in order to fully unleash the full potential of these approaches for freshwater biodiversity monitoring.     

流程工业报警系统传统评估方法分析及改进

流程工业报警系统通过报警信息显示当前过程存在的异常情况,提醒操作员及时干预以避免生产事故,其运行效率和流程工业的安全性能密切相关.报警系统效率低下会严重影响流程工业安全经济运行,然而报警系统优化与再设计的过程复杂,耗费大量人力物力,并且可能影响整个生产过程的正常运行.报警系统是否需要重新优化、何时优化、优化方向等问题困扰着工程研究人员,需要对其进行正确的评估.针对评价流程工业报警系统的常用定性指标进行机理分析,指出对于报警系统运行效率影响较大的几个因素,在此基础上构建了量化评估报警系统效率的指标,评估指标可以使工程研究人员更为直观地了解报警系统运行效率及其对于流程工业的影响,辅助优化报警系统.     

超早期火灾探测报警系统的应用分析

介绍了高灵敏度空气采样感烟火灾探测系统的性能、结构特点及工作原理，并重点讨论了此系统在通信建筑环境中的具体应用。     

开发商拟建项目建设费用估算谈

房地产开发商做拟建项目建设费用的估算,主要目的之一是为项目的实施筹措资金。估算费用的首要功能就是控制项目建设成本开支。本文结合实际,从估算费用的资料收集、费用计算以及报审批准几个方面做了论证,以期达到一方面为项目的顺利实施、估算金额留有余地;另一方面,估算费用额计算有根有据,不高估冒算的目的。     

动圈式永磁平面电机平稳起浮与下降无位置传感器控制策略

针对动圈式永磁平面电机无位置传感器控制起浮过程中出现的误差过大、抖动以及下降过程中撞击定子表面等问题,分析了在实时电流分配策略下动子的移动过程,提出了"假气隙点"概念,推导出了"假气隙点"位置与期望气隙点位置的数学关系表达式和动子起浮至期望气隙点和下降至零高度的时间计算积分公式,并给出了平稳起浮和下降控制策略。"假气隙点"现象表现为动子停留在零位置时,对线圈分配"假气隙点"恒定电流,在此电流驱动下动子运行至期望气隙点处速度为0;动子悬浮在期望气隙点位置时,对线圈分配"假气隙点"恒定电流,在此电流驱动下动子运行至零位置处速度为0。控制策略利用上述现象,通过切换电流使动子在零位置和气隙点之间平稳移动。仿真结果表明,动子运行误差、抖动很小,证明了控制策略的正确性。