Spontaneous Cell Detachment and Reattachment in Cancer Cell Lines: An In Vitro Model of Metastasis and Malignancy

There is an unmet need for simplified in vitro models of malignancy and metastasis that facilitate fast, affordable and scalable gene and compound analysis. “Adherent” cancer cell lines frequently release “free-floating” cells into suspension that are viable and can reattach. This, in a simplistic way, mimics the metastatic process. We compared the gene expression profiles of naturally co-existing populations of floating and adherent cells in SW620 (colon), C33a (cervix) and HeLa (cervix) cancer cells. We found that 1227, 1367 and 1333 genes were at least 2-fold differentially expressed in the respective cell lines, of which 122 were shared among the three cell lines. As proof of principle, we focused on the anti-metastatic gene NM23-H1, which was downregulated both at the RNA and protein level in the floating cell populations of all three cell lines. Knockdown of NM23-H1 significantly increased the number of floating (and viable) cells, whereas overexpression of NM23-H1 significantly reduced the proportion of floating cells. Other potential regulators of these cellular states were identified through pathway analysis, including hypoxia, mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), cell adhesion and cell polarity signal transduction pathways. Hypoxia, a condition linked to malignancy and metastasis, reduced NM23-H1 expression and significantly increased the number of free-floating cells. Inhibition of mTOR or Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) significantly increased cell death specifically in the floating and not the adherent cell population. In conclusion, our study suggests that dynamic subpopulations of free-floating and adherent cells is a useful model to screen and identify genes, drugs and pathways that regulate the process of cancer metastasis, such as cell detachment and anoikis.     

水产品及养殖水中丁香酚类化合物风险研究

目的 检测水产品及养殖水中丁香酚类化合物。方法 应用食品补充检验方法BJS 201908《水产品及水中丁香酚类化合物的测定》，以海水鱼、淡水鱼、海水虾、淡水虾及养殖水作为基质，测定6种丁香酚类化合物的含量。结果 通过对实际样品测定后发现，在水产品中检出了丁香酚类化合物，主要为丁香酚，检出率为28.9%，其中海水鱼相对突出。结论 本研究为丁香酚作为渔用麻醉剂提供了方法论，为丁香酚类化合物在水产运输的合理使用提供理论依据。     

雷达发射机浮动板调制器与故障检测电路的设计

提出了一种改进的浮动板调制器和对正负偏电压的故障检测电路,利用MOSFET寄生电容特性,通过固定脉宽窄脉冲控制调制脉宽,通过增加负偏MOSFET提高输出负偏电压。对故障检测电路进行仿真实验,通过模拟故障,验证故障检测报警信号发生时间均在微秒级别。完成样机的搭建,利用多重方式解决高压绝缘问题,并对其加电进行试验验证,分析实验波形,证明此电路满足设计要求并且具有可行性。     

波浪荷载作用下海上新型潜式浮式风力机运动特性研究

以适用于中等水深(50~200 m)的新型潜式浮式风力机为研究对象,该风力机基础综合Spar式、半潜式及张力腿(TLP)3类浮式风力机基础的优点,运行时基础主体淹没在水下,具有较小的水线面(如同Spar平台),受波浪影响较小;平台通过张紧式系泊线与海床相连(如同TLP平台),具有良好的垂荡和摇摆运动特性;拖航状态下,浮式平台处于半潜状态,水线面面积大(如同半潜式平台),具有良好的浮稳性。通过分析不同波况下的潜式浮式风力机耦合动力响应得到潜式浮式基础的横荡、纵荡、垂荡及纵摇运动响应,以及发电功率、叶片根部弯矩、塔筒顶部和底部弯矩、锚链张力时程曲线。研究结果表明:波浪对于结构的纵摇运动的影响最为明显,对发电功率、叶片根部弯矩和塔筒顶部弯矩影响较小,对塔筒底部弯矩和系泊线张力影响较大。     

Numerical modeling of the hydraulic blade pitch actuator in a spar‐type floating wind turbine considering fault conditions and their effects on global dynamic responses

This paper deals with numerical modeling of the hydraulic blade pitch actuator and its effect on the dynamic responses of a floating spar‐type wind turbine under valve fault conditions. A spar‐type floating wind turbine concept is modeled and simulated using an aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic simulation tool (Simo‐Riflex [SR]). Because the blade pitch system has the highest failure rate, a numerical model of the hydraulic blade pitch actuator with/without valve faults is developed and linked to SR to study the effects of faults on global responses of the spar‐type floating wind turbine for different faults, fault magnitudes, and environmental conditions. The consequence of valve faults in the pitch actuator is that the blade cannot be pitched to the desired angle, so there may be a delay in the response due to excessive friction and the wrong voltage, or slit lock may cause runaway blade pitch. A short circuit may cause the blade to get stuck at a particular pitch angle. These faults contribute to rotor imbalance, which result in different effects on the turbine structure and the platform motions. The proposed method for combining global and hydraulic actuator models is demonstrated in case studies with stochastic wind and wave conditions and different types of valve faults.     

新型阶梯式浅吃水单立柱浮式风机平台水动力分析

常规的单立柱式(Spar)风力发电机平台,在水深较浅区域工作时,结构本身受吃水限制,工作效果较差。常规Spar重心较低,具有良好的稳定性,但是由于它往往具有超过100 m的吃水,因此使其不能应用于中近海域(水深小于100 m)。可设计研究一种适用于中国东海不超过100 m水深的中近海域新型浮式风机平台以解决此问题。针对NREL 5MW风机能应用于100 m水深的情况,对50 m吃水的新型Spar(SJTU-S4)及其系泊系统进行了概念设计研究。利用商业软件建立水动力模型,进行数值仿真,同时设计缩比模型试验,在上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室(SKLOE)进行水动力性能测试。结果表明,本文研究的新阶梯式浅吃水单立柱浮式风机平台在100 m水深、多种海洋波浪环境下,通过试验和仿真验证,能够具有良好的运动响应,为风机提供较好的工作条件。     

行李箱外板浮动整形模设计

介绍了某轿车行李箱外板的翻边侧整形模设计过程,行李箱外板的侧法兰翻边上存在凹包,其翻边方向和凹包成形方向不同,常规需要2道工序分别完成翻边和凹包成形。该模具突破了传统的设计结构,在翻边机构中设置了凹包成形机构,将2个不同方向的成形复合到1道工序中,减少了模具数量,降低了冲压成本和工装成本。     

Porous ceramics with tailored pore size and morphology as substrates for coral larval settlement

The growing demand for stony corals as ornamental aquarium animals requires defined aquacultural breeding strategies. For the sexual propagation of corals, material substrates are needed, that attract larvae and support their settlement and development. In this study, five types of highly porous ceramic materials were developed following the example of coral skeleton. The applicability of these settlement substrates was tested using larvae of the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis. Partial sintering of pressed clay pellets, freeze casting of clay and alumina-mullite based slurries and direct foaming of high alkane phase emulsified suspensions (HAPES) using alumina were employed. By the addition of mm-sized spherical polystyrene beads as sacrificial templates during freeze casting (alumina-mullite), superficial pores in the size of the larvae were created. The inorganic substrates featured open porosities between 35% (pressed clay) and 83% (foamed alumina), pore sizes ranging from nm to mm-scale and pore morphologies dominated by interparticle porosity (pressed), lamellar pores (freeze casting) and cellular pore types (direct foaming). The ceramic substrates were incubated in artificial sea water for 3 months to induce necessary biofilm formation and algae growth. Afterwards, individual substrates were exposed to 5 coral larvae, and their settlement behavior was monitored over 14 days. At the end of this period, all ceramic materials were successfully accepted as settlement substrates, with a mean settlement rate of 46.2%, and no significant differences between the substrate types. On samples with large surface superficial pores, a significantly reduced survival of settled larvae (79%) compared to the other porous materials (93–98%) was determined, suggesting a non-ideal surface topography. While alumina foam samples (HAPES) exhibit the most promising results in terms of settlement and survival of larvae, clay-based substrates provide a more economic solution for the sexual propagation of corals in aquaculture.